Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American boreal region-Spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska
We used historic records from 1959–99 to explore fire regime characteristics at ecozone scales across the entire North American boreal region (NABR). Shifts in the NABR fire regime between the 1960s/70s and the 1980s/90s were characterized by a doubling of annual burned area and more than a doubling...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 33; no. 9 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.05.2006
American Geophysical Union |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| DOI | 10.1029/2006GL025677 |
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| Abstract | We used historic records from 1959–99 to explore fire regime characteristics at ecozone scales across the entire North American boreal region (NABR). Shifts in the NABR fire regime between the 1960s/70s and the 1980s/90s were characterized by a doubling of annual burned area and more than a doubling of the frequency of larger fire years because of more large fire events (>1,000 km2). The proportion of total burned area from human‐ignited fires decreased over this same time period, while the proportion of burning during the early and late‐ growing‐seasons increased. Trends in increased burned area were consistent across the NABR ecozones, though the western ecozones experienced greater increases in larger fire years compared to the eastern ecozones. Seasonal patterns of burning differed among ecozones. Along with the climate warming, changes in the fire regime characteristics may be an important driver of future ecosystem processes in the NABR. |
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| AbstractList | We used historic records from 1959–99 to explore fire regime characteristics at ecozone scales across the entire North American boreal region (NABR). Shifts in the NABR fire regime between the 1960s/70s and the 1980s/90s were characterized by a doubling of annual burned area and more than a doubling of the frequency of larger fire years because of more large fire events (>1,000 km
2
). The proportion of total burned area from human‐ignited fires decreased over this same time period, while the proportion of burning during the early and late‐ growing‐seasons increased. Trends in increased burned area were consistent across the NABR ecozones, though the western ecozones experienced greater increases in larger fire years compared to the eastern ecozones. Seasonal patterns of burning differed among ecozones. Along with the climate warming, changes in the fire regime characteristics may be an important driver of future ecosystem processes in the NABR. We used historic records from 1959-99 to explore fire regime characteristics at ecozone scales across the entire North American boreal region (NABR). Shifts in the NABR fire regime between the 1960s/70s and the 1980s/90s were characterized by a doubling of annual burned area and more than a doubling of the frequency of larger fire years because of more large fire events ( > 1,000 km2). The proportion of total burned area from human-ignited fires decreased over this same time period, while the proportion of burning during the early and late-growing-seasons increased. Trends in increased burned area were consistent across the NABR ecozones, though the western ecozones experienced greater increases in larger fire years compared to the eastern ecozones. Seasonal patterns of burning differed among ecozones. Along with the climate warming, changes in the fire regime characteristics may be an important driver of future ecosystem processes in the NABR. |
| Author | Turetsky, Merritt R. Kasischke, Eric S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eric S. surname: Kasischke fullname: Kasischke, Eric S. email: ekasisch@geog.umd.edu organization: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, Maryland, College Park, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Merritt R. surname: Turetsky fullname: Turetsky, Merritt R. organization: Department of Plant Biology and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Michigan, East Lansing, USA |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17847445$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union. 2006 INIST-CNRS |
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| Discipline | Geology Physics |
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| Keywords | trend-surface analysis fires ecosystems Growing season climate warming Boreal North America frequency |
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| References | Kasischke, E. S., and J. F. Johnstone (2005), Variation in post-fire organic layer thickness in a black spruce forest complex in Interior Alaska and its effects on soil temperature and moisture, Can. J. For. Res., 35, 2164-2177. Liu, H., J. T. Randerson, J. Lindfors, and F. S. Chapin III (2005), Changes in the surface energy budget after fire in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: An annual perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D13101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005158. Stocks, B. J., et al. (2002), Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 8149, doi:10.1029/2001JD000484. Kasischke, E. S., E. J. Hyer, P. C. Novelli, L. P. Bruhwiler, N. H. F. French, A. I. Sukhinin, J. H. Hewson, and B. J. Stocks (2005), Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB1012, doi:10.1029/2004GB002300. Kasischke, E. S., D. Williams, and D. Barry (2002), Analysis of the patterns of large fires in the boreal forest region of Alaska, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11, 131-144. Kurz, W. A., and M. J. Apps (1999), A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector, Ecol. Appl., 9, 526-547. Wein, R. W., and D. A. MacLean (1983), The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems, 322 pp., John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J. Hess, J. C., C. A. Scott, G. L. Hufford, and M. D. Fleming (2001), El Nino and its impact on fire weather conditions in Alaska, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 10, 1-13. Gillett, N. P., A. J. Weaver, F. W. Zwiers, and M. D. Flannigan (2004), Detecting the effect of climate change on Canadian forest fires, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18211, doi:10.1029/2004GL020876. Landhaeusser, S. M., and R. W. Wein (1993), Postfire vegetation recovery and tree establishment at the Arctic treeline: Climactic-change-vegetation-response hypothesis, J. Ecol., 81, 665-672. Turetsky, M., K. Wieder, L. Halsey, and D. Vitt (2002), Current disturbance and the diminishing peatland carbon sink, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(11), 1526, doi:10.1029/2001GL014000. Duffy, P. A., J. E. Walsh, J. M. Graham, D. H. Mann, and T. S. Rupp (2005), Impacts of large-scale atmospheric-ocean variability on Alaskan fire season severity, Ecol. Appl., 15, 1317-1330. Harden, J. W., S. E. Trumbore, B. J. Stocks, A. Hirsch, S. T. Gower, K. P. O'Neill, and E. S. Kasischke (2000), The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget, Global Change Biol., 6, 174-184. Skinner, W. R., B. J. Stocks, D. L. Martell, B. Bonsal, and A. Shabbar (1999), The association between circulation anomalies in the mid-troposphere and area burned by wildland fire in Canada, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 63, 89-105. Bergner, B., J. Johnstone, and K. K. Treseder (2004), Experimental warming and burn severity alter CO2 flux and soil functional groups in recently burned boreal forest, Global Change Biol., 10, 1996-2004. Flannigan, M. D., K. A. Logan, B. D. Amiro, W. R. Skinner, and B. J. Stocks (2005), Future area burned in Canada, Clim. Change, 72, 1-16. 2004; 10 2004; 31 2005; 19 2002; 29 2001 2000; 6 2005; 110 2000 1993; 81 2002; 11 1983 1999; 63 2002; 108 2005; 72 2005; 15 2005; 35 2001; 10 1999; 9 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_8_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 Wein R. W. (e_1_2_6_19_1) 1983 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Harden, J. W., S. E. Trumbore, B. J. Stocks, A. Hirsch, S. T. Gower, K. P. O'Neill, and E. S. Kasischke (2000), The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget, Global Change Biol., 6, 174-184. – reference: Kasischke, E. S., and J. F. Johnstone (2005), Variation in post-fire organic layer thickness in a black spruce forest complex in Interior Alaska and its effects on soil temperature and moisture, Can. J. For. Res., 35, 2164-2177. – reference: Skinner, W. R., B. J. Stocks, D. L. Martell, B. Bonsal, and A. Shabbar (1999), The association between circulation anomalies in the mid-troposphere and area burned by wildland fire in Canada, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 63, 89-105. – reference: Stocks, B. J., et al. (2002), Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 8149, doi:10.1029/2001JD000484. – reference: Kasischke, E. S., D. Williams, and D. Barry (2002), Analysis of the patterns of large fires in the boreal forest region of Alaska, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11, 131-144. – reference: Turetsky, M., K. Wieder, L. Halsey, and D. Vitt (2002), Current disturbance and the diminishing peatland carbon sink, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(11), 1526, doi:10.1029/2001GL014000. – reference: Bergner, B., J. Johnstone, and K. K. Treseder (2004), Experimental warming and burn severity alter CO2 flux and soil functional groups in recently burned boreal forest, Global Change Biol., 10, 1996-2004. – reference: Kasischke, E. S., E. J. Hyer, P. C. Novelli, L. P. Bruhwiler, N. H. F. French, A. I. Sukhinin, J. H. Hewson, and B. J. Stocks (2005), Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB1012, doi:10.1029/2004GB002300. – reference: Gillett, N. P., A. J. Weaver, F. W. Zwiers, and M. D. Flannigan (2004), Detecting the effect of climate change on Canadian forest fires, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18211, doi:10.1029/2004GL020876. – reference: Duffy, P. A., J. E. Walsh, J. M. Graham, D. H. Mann, and T. S. Rupp (2005), Impacts of large-scale atmospheric-ocean variability on Alaskan fire season severity, Ecol. Appl., 15, 1317-1330. – reference: Hess, J. C., C. A. Scott, G. L. Hufford, and M. D. Fleming (2001), El Nino and its impact on fire weather conditions in Alaska, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 10, 1-13. – reference: Landhaeusser, S. M., and R. W. Wein (1993), Postfire vegetation recovery and tree establishment at the Arctic treeline: Climactic-change-vegetation-response hypothesis, J. Ecol., 81, 665-672. – reference: Wein, R. W., and D. A. MacLean (1983), The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems, 322 pp., John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J. – reference: Liu, H., J. T. Randerson, J. Lindfors, and F. S. Chapin III (2005), Changes in the surface energy budget after fire in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: An annual perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D13101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005158. – reference: Flannigan, M. D., K. A. Logan, B. D. Amiro, W. R. Skinner, and B. J. Stocks (2005), Future area burned in Canada, Clim. Change, 72, 1-16. – reference: Kurz, W. A., and M. J. Apps (1999), A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector, Ecol. Appl., 9, 526-547. – volume: 19 year: 2005 article-title: Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide publication-title: Global Biogeochem. Cycles – year: 1983 – volume: 10 start-page: 1 year: 2001 end-page: 13 article-title: El Nino and its impact on fire weather conditions in Alaska publication-title: Int. J. Wildland Fire – volume: 63 start-page: 89 year: 1999 end-page: 105 article-title: The association between circulation anomalies in the mid‐troposphere and area burned by wildland fire in Canada publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol. – volume: 31 year: 2004 article-title: Detecting the effect of climate change on Canadian forest fires publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – start-page: 111 year: 2000 end-page: 131 – volume: 6 start-page: 174 year: 2000 end-page: 184 article-title: The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 81 start-page: 665 year: 1993 end-page: 672 article-title: Postfire vegetation recovery and tree establishment at the Arctic treeline: Climactic‐change‐vegetation‐response hypothesis publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 72 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 16 article-title: Future area burned in Canada publication-title: Clim. Change – volume: 15 start-page: 1317 year: 2005 end-page: 1330 article-title: Impacts of large‐scale atmospheric‐ocean variability on Alaskan fire season severity publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 9 start-page: 526 year: 1999 end-page: 547 article-title: A 70‐year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 29 issue: 11 year: 2002 article-title: Current disturbance and the diminishing peatland carbon sink publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 11 start-page: 131 year: 2002 end-page: 144 article-title: Analysis of the patterns of large fires in the boreal forest region of Alaska publication-title: Int. J. Wildland Fire – volume: 10 start-page: 1996 year: 2004 end-page: 2004 article-title: Experimental warming and burn severity alter CO flux and soil functional groups in recently burned boreal forest publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 35 start-page: 2164 year: 2005 end-page: 2177 article-title: Variation in post‐fire organic layer thickness in a black spruce forest complex in Interior Alaska and its effects on soil temperature and moisture publication-title: Can. J. For. Res. – start-page: 351 year: 2001 end-page: 373 – volume: 110 year: 2005 article-title: Changes in the surface energy budget after fire in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: An annual perspective publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 108 issue: D1 year: 2002 article-title: Large forest fires in Canada, 1959–1997 publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – ident: e_1_2_6_4_1 doi: 10.1890/04-0739 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_1 doi: 10.1071/WF02023 – ident: e_1_2_6_17_1 doi: 10.1029/2001JD000484 – ident: e_1_2_6_18_1 doi: 10.1029/2001GL014000 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_1 doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0526:AYRAOC]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_1 doi: 10.1139/x05-159 – ident: e_1_2_6_5_1 doi: 10.1016/B978-012386660-8/50012-X – ident: e_1_2_6_7_1 doi: 10.1029/2004GL020876 – ident: e_1_2_6_2_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x – ident: e_1_2_6_12_1 doi: 10.1029/2004GB002300 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_1 doi: 10.1007/s007040050095 – ident: e_1_2_6_8_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06019.x – ident: e_1_2_6_3_1 doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-21629-4_7 – ident: e_1_2_6_9_1 doi: 10.1071/WF01007 – ident: e_1_2_6_14_1 doi: 10.2307/2261664 – ident: e_1_2_6_15_1 doi: 10.1029/2004JD005158 – volume-title: The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_6_19_1 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_1 doi: 10.1007/s10584-005-5935-y |
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| Snippet | We used historic records from 1959–99 to explore fire regime characteristics at ecozone scales across the entire North American boreal region (NABR). Shifts in... We used historic records from 1959-99 to explore fire regime characteristics at ecozone scales across the entire North American boreal region (NABR). Shifts in... |
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| Title | Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American boreal region-Spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska |
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