Decreased Sialidase Activity in Alveolar Macrophages of Guinea Pigs Exposed to Coal Mine Dust
The origin of immune dysfunctions that are observed in pneumoconiotic miners still remains unknown. There is evidence that the carbohydrate moiety of membrane glycoconjugates is of primary importance in many functions of immunocompetent cells. The glycosylation, and especially the sialylation level...
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Published in | Environmental health perspectives Vol. 97; pp. 103 - 107 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
01.07.1992
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
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Abstract | The origin of immune dysfunctions that are observed in pneumoconiotic miners still remains unknown. There is evidence that the carbohydrate moiety of membrane glycoconjugates is of primary importance in many functions of immunocompetent cells. The glycosylation, and especially the sialylation level of membrane components of various lymphocyte and macrophage subsets, vary depending on the state of cellular differentiation and activation. Sialidases, which may regulate the amount of sialic acids exposed on the cell membrane, can thus be considered as immunoregulatory enzymes. In this report, the sialidase activity has been measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) and in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from guinea pigs exposed for 4 months to coal mine dust at a concentration of 300 mg/ m3. The samples were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage 2 months after cessation of exposure. The sialidase activity in the cell-free fluid and in the purified alveolar macrophages showed a 10-fold decrease (p < 0.001). Kinetic parameters of the enzyme such as Kmand optimum pH did not change. This changed activity was specific for sialidase, as two other lysosomal glycosidases, β-galactosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase, showed unchanged activities. These results suggest the possibility that, by inducing a decreased sialidase activity, exposure to coal mine dust may lead to a modified expression of AM membrane-associated sialic acids giving rise to altered immune functions (i.e., phagocytosis, antigen processing, response to cytokines, etc.). |
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AbstractList | The origin of immune dysfunctions that are observed in pneumoconiotic miners still remains unknown. There is evidence that the carbohydrate moiety of membrane glycoconjugates is of primary importance in many functions of immunocompetent cells. The glycosylation, and especially the sialylation level of membrane components of various lymphocyte and macrophage subsets, vary depending on the state of cellular differentiation and activation. Sialidases, which may regulate the amount of sialic acids exposed on the cell membrane, can thus be considered as immunoregulatory enzymes. In this report, the sialidase activity has been measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) and in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from guinea pigs exposed for 4 months to coal mine dust at a concentration of 300 mg/m3. The samples were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage 2 months after cessation of exposure. The sialidase activity in the cell-free fluid and in the purified alveolar macrophages showed a 10-fold decrease (p less than 0.001). Kinetic parameters of the enzyme such as Km and optimum pH did not change. This changed activity was specific for sialidase, as two other lysosomal glycosidases, beta-galactosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase, showed unchanged activities. These results suggest the possibility that, by inducing a decreased sialidase activity, exposure to coal mine dust may lead to a modified expression of AM membrane-associated sialic acids giving rise to altered immune functions (i. e., phagocytosis, antigen processing, response to cytokines, etc.). To understand the mechanism that can lead to immune system disorders in pneumoconiotic miners, the effect of coal mine dust exposure on guinea pig bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and alveolar macrophage (AM) sialidase activity was investigated. The animals used in the experiment were exposed to coal mine dust concentrations of 300 mg/m super(3) for 6 h/d for four months; two months subsequent to the cessation of exposure, the animals were slaughtered and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. AM and BALF sialadase activity levels in the experimental animals were much lower than sialadase activity levels in control animals. The origin of immune dysfunctions that are observed in pneumoconiotic miners still remains unknown. There is evidence that the carbohydrate moiety of membrane glycoconjugates is of primary importance in many functions of immunocompetent cells. The glycosylation, and especially the sialylation level of membrane components of various lymphocyte and macrophage subsets, vary depending on the state of cellular differentiation and activation. Sialidases, which may regulate the amount of sialic acids exposed on the cell membrane, can thus be considered as immunoregulatory enzymes. In this report, the sialidase activity has been measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) and in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from guinea pigs exposed for 4 months to coal mine dust at a concentration of 300 mg/ m3. The samples were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage 2 months after cessation of exposure. The sialidase activity in the cell-free fluid and in the purified alveolar macrophages showed a 10-fold decrease (p < 0.001). Kinetic parameters of the enzyme such as Kmand optimum pH did not change. This changed activity was specific for sialidase, as two other lysosomal glycosidases, β-galactosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase, showed unchanged activities. These results suggest the possibility that, by inducing a decreased sialidase activity, exposure to coal mine dust may lead to a modified expression of AM membrane-associated sialic acids giving rise to altered immune functions (i.e., phagocytosis, antigen processing, response to cytokines, etc.). The origin of immune dysfunctions that are observed in pneumoconiotic miners still remains unknown. There is evidence that the carbohydrate moiety of membrane glycoconjugates is of primary importance in many functions of immunocompetent cells. The glycosylation, and especially the sialylation level of membrane components of various lymphocyte and macrophage subsets, vary depending on the state of cellular differentiation and activation. Sialidases, which may regulate the amount of sialic acids exposed on the cell membrane, can thus be considered as immunoregulatory enzymes. In this report, the sialidase activity has been measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) and in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from guinea pigs exposed for 4 months to coal mine dust at a concentration of 300 mg/m3. The samples were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage 2 months after cessation of exposure. The sialidase activity in the cell-free fluid and in the purified alveolar macrophages showed a 10-fold decrease (p < 0.001). Kinetic parameters of the enzyme such as K(m) and optimum pH did not change. This changed activity was specific for sialidase, as two other lysosomal glycosidases, beta-galactosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase, showed unchanged activities. These results suggest the possibility that, by inducing a decreased sialidase activity, exposure to coal mine dust may lead to a modified expression of AM membrane-associated sialic acids giving rise to altered immune functions (i. e., phagocytosis, antigen processing response to cytokines, etc.). |
Author | Bignon, Jean Terzidis-Trabelsi, Hélène Lefèvre, Jean Pierre Lambré, Claude R. |
AuthorAffiliation | Immunopathologie Pulmonaire, INSERM U 139, Hopital H. Mondor, Creteil, France |
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SubjectTerms | Alveolar macrophages Animals Bronchoalveolar lavage Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - enzymology Cell membranes Coal - adverse effects Coal mining Environmental Sciences Enzymes Guinea Pigs Immune Response to Inhaled Particles Life Sciences Lungs Lymphocytes Macrophages Macrophages, Alveolar - drug effects Macrophages, Alveolar - enzymology Macrophages, Alveolar - pathology Male Neuraminidase - metabolism Neutrophils Pneumoconiosis - enzymology Pneumoconiosis - etiology Pneumoconiosis - pathology Prokaryotic cells Toxicology |
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Title | Decreased Sialidase Activity in Alveolar Macrophages of Guinea Pigs Exposed to Coal Mine Dust |
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