Exploring the Socioeconomic Importance of Antimicrobial Use in the Small-Scale Pig Sector in Vietnam

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is influenced by antimicrobial use in human and animal health. This use exerts selection pressure on pathogen populations with the development of resistance and the exchange of resistance genes. While the exact scale of AMR in Vietnam remains uncertain, recent studies...

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Published inAntibiotics (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 6; p. 299
Main Authors Coyne, Lucy, Benigno, Carolyn, Giang, Vo Ngan, Huong, Luu Quynh, Kalprividh, Wantanee, Padungtod, Pawin, Patrick, Ian, Ngoc, Pham Thi, Rushton, Jonathan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.06.2020
MDPI
Subjects
AMR
Anti-infective agents
antibiotic
antimicrobial resistance
antimicrobial use
Economic aspects
economics
pig production
Vietnam
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Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is influenced by antimicrobial use in human and animal health. This use exerts selection pressure on pathogen populations with the development of resistance and the exchange of resistance genes. While the exact scale of AMR in Vietnam remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that it is a major issue in both human and animal health. This study explored antimicrobial use behaviors in 36 pig farms in the Nam Dinh Province (North) and the Dong Nai Province (South) of Vietnam (with a median of 5.5 breeding sows and 41 fattening pigs). It also estimated the economic costs and benefits of use for the producer. Data were collected through a structured face-to-face interview with additional productivity data collected by farmers during a six-week period following the initial interview. Overall, antimicrobial use was high across the farms; however, in-feed antimicrobial use is likely to be under-reported due to misleading and imprecise labelling on premixed commercial feeds. An economic analysis found that the cost of antimicrobials was low relative to other farm inputs (~2% of total costs), and that farm profitability was precariously balanced, with high disease and poor prices leading to negative and low profits. Future policies for smallholder farms need to consider farm-level economics and livestock food supply issues when developing further antimicrobial use interventions in the region.
AbstractList Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is influenced by antimicrobial use in human and animal health. This use exerts selection pressure on pathogen populations with the development of resistance and the exchange of resistance genes. While the exact scale of AMR in Vietnam remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that it is a major issue in both human and animal health. This study explored antimicrobial use behaviors in 36 pig farms in the Nam Dinh Province (North) and the Dong Nai Province (South) of Vietnam (with a median of 5.5 breeding sows and 41 fattening pigs). It also estimated the economic costs and benefits of use for the producer. Data were collected through a structured face-to-face interview with additional productivity data collected by farmers during a six-week period following the initial interview. Overall, antimicrobial use was high across the farms; however, in-feed antimicrobial use is likely to be under-reported due to misleading and imprecise labelling on premixed commercial feeds. An economic analysis found that the cost of antimicrobials was low relative to other farm inputs (~2% of total costs), and that farm profitability was precariously balanced, with high disease and poor prices leading to negative and low profits. Future policies for smallholder farms need to consider farm-level economics and livestock food supply issues when developing further antimicrobial use interventions in the region.
Audience Academic
Author Patrick, Ian
Giang, Vo Ngan
Ngoc, Pham Thi
Padungtod, Pawin
Coyne, Lucy
Huong, Luu Quynh
Rushton, Jonathan
Kalprividh, Wantanee
Benigno, Carolyn
AuthorAffiliation 5 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Country Office for Vietnam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; Pawin.Padungtod@fao.org
1 Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; ianpatrick4229@gmail.com (I.P.); J.Rushton@liverpool.ac.uk (J.R.)
4 National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; lqhuongvet@yahoo.com (L.Q.H.); minhngoc27169@gmail.com (P.T.N.)
2 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok 10200, Thailand; carolynbenigno@gmail.com (C.B.); Wantanee.Kalpravidh@fao.org (W.K.)
3 FHI 360, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; VGiang@fhi360.org
6 Agricultural and Resource Economic Consulting Services, Armidale 2350, Australia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 6 Agricultural and Resource Economic Consulting Services, Armidale 2350, Australia
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SubjectTerms AMR
Anti-infective agents
antibiotic
antimicrobial resistance
antimicrobial use
Economic aspects
economics
pig production
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Title Exploring the Socioeconomic Importance of Antimicrobial Use in the Small-Scale Pig Sector in Vietnam
URI https://search.proquest.com/docview/2410366524
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7344828
https://doaj.org/article/83dff65169f64d30bb78aff04f497bd8
Volume 9
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