Effects of Fermented Artemisia annua L. and Salicornia herbacea L. on Inhibition of Obesity In Vitro and In Mice

Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented (AW) and (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitra...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 2022
Main Authors On, Jeong-Yeon, Kim, Su-Hyun, Kim, Jeong-Mee, Park, Sungkwon, Kim, Ki-Hyun, Lee, Choong-Hwan, Kim, Soo-Ki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 22.04.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Accumulation
Acids
Additives
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Animals
annual wormwood
anti-obesity
Antioxidants
Artemisia annua
Biotransformation
Body fat
Cancer
Chenopodiaceae
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, LDL
Differentiation
Fatty liver
Fermentation
Gene expression
glasswort
Glucose
Herbal medicine
Inflammation
Liver
Low density lipoprotein
Metabolism
Metabolites
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
mouse
Obesity
Physiology
Plant extracts
Salicornia herbacea
Secondary metabolites
Solvents
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Weight control
Weight reduction
United States > US
South Korea
mouse
fermentation
glasswort
metabolites
anti-obesity
annual wormwood
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented (AW) and (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
AbstractList Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented Artemisia annua (AW) and Salicornia herbacea (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC−LTQ−Orbitrap–MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented (AW) and (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented Artemisia annua (AW) and Salicornia herbacea (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC−LTQ−Orbitrap–MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented Artemisia annua  (AW) and Salicornia herbacea (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC−LTQ−Orbitrap–MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Author On, Jeong-Yeon
Kim, Soo-Ki
Park, Sungkwon
Kim, Ki-Hyun
Kim, Jeong-Mee
Kim, Su-Hyun
Lee, Choong-Hwan
AuthorAffiliation 3 Institute of Animal Resource Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
5 Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
4 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
6 Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
1 Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; on7701@naver.com
2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37432154$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords mouse
fermentation
glasswort
metabolites
anti-obesity
annual wormwood
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Snippet Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity...
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SubjectTerms Accumulation
Acids
Additives
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Animals
annual wormwood
anti-obesity
Antioxidants
Artemisia annua
Biotransformation
Body fat
Cancer
Chenopodiaceae
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, LDL
Differentiation
Fatty liver
Fermentation
Gene expression
glasswort
Glucose
Herbal medicine
Inflammation
Liver
Low density lipoprotein
Metabolism
Metabolites
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
mouse
Obesity
Physiology
Plant extracts
Salicornia herbacea
Secondary metabolites
Solvents
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Weight control
Weight reduction
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Title Effects of Fermented Artemisia annua L. and Salicornia herbacea L. on Inhibition of Obesity In Vitro and In Mice
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37432154
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Volume 15
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