Intakes of Zinc, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Relationship with Glycemic Control

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 12; p. 1948
• Main Authors: Brandão-Lima, Paula Nascimento, Carvalho, Gabrielli Barbosa de, Santos, Ramara Kadija Fonseca, Santos, Beatriz da Cruz, Dias-Vasconcelos, Natalia Lohayne, Rocha, Vivianne de Sousa, Barbosa, Kiriaque Barra Ferreira, Pires, Liliane Viana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.12.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Biosynthesis; Blood Glucose - physiology; Blood pressure; Body fat; Body mass index; Calcium; Cluster analysis; Confidence intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diet - statistics & numerical data; Dietary intake; Dietary minerals; Enzymes; Female; Food; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis; glycated hemoglobin A; Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Magnesium; Male; Metabolism; Metals - analysis; Micronutrients; Micronutrients - analysis; Middle Aged; Overweight; Peptides; Potassium; Regression analysis; Statistical analysis; trace elements; Triglycerides; Zinc; Brazil; United States > US; hyperglycemia; micronutrients; glycated hemoglobin A; trace elements; food
• DOI: 10.3390/nu10121948
• ISSN: 2072-6643

The role of the concomitant intake of zinc, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the glycemic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been extensively discussed. We evaluated the relationship between the dietary intake of these micronutrients and glycemic markers in 95 individuals with T2DM (mean age 48.6 ± 8.4 years). Hierarchical grouping analysis was used to divide the individuals into two clusters according to their micronutrient intake, and differences between clusters were statistically assessed. Effects of individual and combination intake of micronutrients on glycated hemoglobin percentage (%HbA1c) were assessed using multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis. We observed a high likelihood of inadequate intake of the four micronutrients. The group with lower micronutrient intake (cluster 1) displayed higher %HbA1c ( = 0.006) and triglyceride ( = 0.010) levels. High %HbA1c showed an association with cluster 1 (odds ratio (OR) = 3.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.131; 8.175) and time of T2DM diagnosis (OR = 1.155, 95% CI = 1.043; 1.278). Potassium (β = -0.001, = 0.017) and magnesium (β = -0.007, = 0.015) intakes were inversely associated with %HbA1c. Reduced concomitant intake of the four micronutrients studied proved to be associated with risk of increased %HbA1c in individuals with T2DM, which was particularly predicted by magnesium and potassium intakes.