Long-Term Water Balance Evaluation in Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials

The complex role of water in glass ionomer cement (polyalkenoate) dental restorative materials has been studied, but much of the present understanding concerning water balance within these materials is based on very early studies and short-term experiments. This study evaluated the nature of the wat...

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Published inMaterials Vol. 15; no. 3; p. 807
Main Authors Roberts, Howard, Berzins, David, Nicholson, John
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 21.01.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Acids
bound water
Cement
Composite materials
Crucibles
Dental materials
Dentistry
Enthalpy
glass ionomer
Glass ionomer cements
Mechanical properties
Moisture content
polyalkenoate
Polymerization
Protective coatings
Resins
Thermogravimetric analysis
unbound water
Water balance
water content
Water loss
United States > US
water content
glass ionomer
bound water
unbound water
polyalkenoate
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Summary:The complex role of water in glass ionomer cement (polyalkenoate) dental restorative materials has been studied, but much of the present understanding concerning water balance within these materials is based on very early studies and short-term experiments. This study evaluated the nature of the water species of six conventional and four resin modified glass ionomer restorative materials over 3 years using thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Materials were prepared, placed in crucibles, and stored in physiologic phosphate buffered saline and evaluated at 24 h, 1 week, and then at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. All materials demonstrated a significant increase in unbound water percentage content but except for the resin modified materials, the enthalpy required to remove the unbound water species did not significantly change over 36 months. Also, bound water content percentage and removal enthalpy was established at 24 h, as no significant increase was noted in both bound water content and removal enthalpy over the course of this evaluation. This study suggests that unbound water species may increase with time and is loosely held except for the resin modified materials. Protective coatings placement and re-evaluation are prudent to prevent unbound water loss.
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ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma15030807