Increased metabolic cost of swimming and consequent alterations to circadian activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to dietary copper
This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months (726 mg Cu·kg 1 dry weight) and simulta...
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Published in | Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences Vol. 59; no. 5; pp. 768 - 777 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Ottawa, Canada
NRC Research Press
01.05.2002
National Research Council of Canada Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months (726 mg Cu·kg
1
dry weight) and simultaneously oxygen consumption (MO
2
) and spontaneous swimming activity were measured. Rhythmicity in swimming activity was examined by videorecording fish behaviours for 48 h. Standard metabolic rate estimates (R
S
) of 7.2 and 8.7 mmol O
2
·kg
1
·h
1
(15°C) were measured for control and Cu-exposed fish, respectively. MO
2
was higher in Cu-exposed fish at any chosen speed compared with control Cu-exposed trout, which decreased activity (mean speed) by at least 75%, spent more time at lower speeds, and lost circadian periodicity in these parameters compared with controls. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish showed a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control groups, suggesting a suppression in social behaviour in Cu-exposed fish. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. However, this behavioural strategy suggests that spatial and temporal aspects of ecologically important social behaviours may be compromised in Cu-exposed fish. |
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AbstractList | This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncohrynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months and simultaneously oxygen consumption and spontaneous swimming activity were measured. Rhythmicity in swimming activity was examined by videorecording fish behaviours for 48 h. Standard metabolic rate estimates were measured for control and Cu-exposed fish, respectively. MO sub(2) was higher in Cu-exposed fish at any chosen speed compared with control Cu exposed trout, which decreased activity by at least 75%, spent more time at lower speeds, and lost circadian periodicity in these parameters compared with controls. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish showed a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control groups, suggesting a suppression in social behaviour in Cu-exposed fish. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. However, this behavioural strategy suggests that spatial and temporal aspects of ecologically important social behaviours may be compromised in Cu-exposed fish. One possible consequence of rainbow trout exposure to dietary copper (Cu) is altered behavior, specifically in swimming activity. In laboratory experiments, fish were exposed to excess levels of Cu in food, and rhythmicity in swimming activity and oxygen consumption were monitored over 48 h. Oxygen consumption was higher in exposed fish at any swimming speed compared with control fish. Swimming activity declined in exposed fish by at least 75%, more time was spent at lower average swimming speeds, and circadian periodicity declined compared with these parameters in control fish. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish had a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control fish had. Increased metabolic costs of swimming in Cu-exposed fish appeared to be compensated for by reduced activity. Campbell, Handy, and Sims test the hypothesis that rainbow trout compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months (726 mg Cu·kg 1 dry weight) and simultaneously oxygen consumption (MO 2 ) and spontaneous swimming activity were measured. Rhythmicity in swimming activity was examined by videorecording fish behaviours for 48 h. Standard metabolic rate estimates (R S ) of 7.2 and 8.7 mmol O 2 ·kg 1 ·h 1 (15°C) were measured for control and Cu-exposed fish, respectively. MO 2 was higher in Cu-exposed fish at any chosen speed compared with control Cu-exposed trout, which decreased activity (mean speed) by at least 75%, spent more time at lower speeds, and lost circadian periodicity in these parameters compared with controls. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish showed a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control groups, suggesting a suppression in social behaviour in Cu-exposed fish. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. However, this behavioural strategy suggests that spatial and temporal aspects of ecologically important social behaviours may be compromised in Cu-exposed fish. This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months (726 mg Cu times kg super(-1) dry weight) and simultaneously oxygen consumption (MO sub(2)) and spontaneous swimming activity were measured. Rhythmicity in swimming activity was examined by videorecording fish behaviours for 48 h. Standard metabolic rate estimates (R sub(S)) of 7.2 and 8.7 mmol O sub(2) times kg super(-1) times h super(-1) (15 degree C) were measured for control and Cu-exposed fish, respectively. MO sub(2) was higher in Cu-exposed fish at any chosen speed compared with control Cu-exposed trout, which decreased activity (mean speed) by at least 75%, spent more time at lower speeds, and lost circadian periodicity in these parameters compared with controls. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish showed a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control groups, suggesting a suppression in social behaviour in Cu-exposed fish. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. However, this behavioural strategy suggests that spatial and temporal aspects of ecologically important social behaviours may be compromised in Cu-exposed fish. This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months (726 mg Cu·kg 1 dry weight) and simultaneously oxygen consumption (MO 2 ) and spontaneous swimming activity were measured. Rhythmicity in swimming activity was examined by videorecording fish behaviours for 48 h. Standard metabolic rate estimates (R S ) of 7.2 and 8.7 mmol O 2 ·kg 1 ·h 1 (15°C) were measured for control and Cu-exposed fish, respectively. MO 2 was higher in Cu-exposed fish at any chosen speed compared with control Cu-exposed trout, which decreased activity (mean speed) by at least 75%, spent more time at lower speeds, and lost circadian periodicity in these parameters compared with controls. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish showed a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control groups, suggesting a suppression in social behaviour in Cu-exposed fish. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. However, this behavioural strategy suggests that spatial and temporal aspects of ecologically important social behaviours may be compromised in Cu-exposed fish. |
Abstract_FL | Nous voulons éprouver l'hypothèse selon laquelle la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compense le coût métabolique d'une exposition au Cu alimentaire par une réduction de son activité de nage à des moments précis de son cycle journalier. Nous avons exposé des truites à du Cu alimentaire en excès (726 mg Cu·kg
1
de masse sèche) pendant 3 mois et mesuré leur consommation d'oxygène (MO
2
) et leur activité de nage spontanée. Des enregistrements vidéo de 48 h ont permis de déterminer la rythmicité du comportement de nage. Les estimations du métabolisme au repos (R
S
) à 15°C sont de 7,2 mmol O
2
·kg
1
·h
1
chez les poissons témoins et de 8,7 mmol O
2
·kg
1
·h
1
chez les poissons traités. La consommation d'oxygène est plus grande chez les poissons exposés au Cu à toutes les vitesses de nage choisies. Par comparaison aux poissons témoins, les poissons exposés au Cu diminuent leur activité (vitesse de nage) d'au moins 75 %, ils passent plus de temps aux vitesses basses et ils perdent la périodicité circadienne de ces activités. Les taux moyens de croissance sont normaux, bien que les poissons exposés au Cu affichent une gamme réduite de masses corporelles et aient une mortalité plus faible, ce qui laisse croire à une suppression des comportements sociaux. De façon générale, le coût métabolique accru de la nage chez les poissons traités est complètement compensé par une réduction de l'activité, particulièrement durant la nuit et l'aurore. Toutefois, une telle stratégie comportementale de la part des poissons exposés au Cu peut probablement compromettre des aspects spatiaux et temporels de comportements sociaux de grande importance écologique.[Traduit par la Rédaction] |
Author | Sims, D W Handy, R D Campbell, H A |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: H A surname: Campbell fullname: Campbell, H A – sequence: 2 givenname: R D surname: Handy fullname: Handy, R D – sequence: 3 givenname: D W surname: Sims fullname: Sims, D W |
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Keywords | Salmonidae Environmental factor Oxygen consumption Biological rhythm Time response relation Animal active movement Circadian rhythm Experimental study Oncorhynchus mykiss Feeding Heavy metal Dose activity relation Freshwater environment Vertebrata Animal activity Diet Energetic cost Pisces Swimming Copper |
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Snippet | This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity... Campbell, Handy, and Sims test the hypothesis that rainbow trout compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at... One possible consequence of rainbow trout exposure to dietary copper (Cu) is altered behavior, specifically in swimming activity. In laboratory experiments,... This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncohrynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity... |
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SubjectTerms | Agnatha. Pisces Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Circadian rhythm Copper Diet Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates Fish Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Metabolism Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmon Swimming Trout |
Title | Increased metabolic cost of swimming and consequent alterations to circadian activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to dietary copper |
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