Beyond Incentives: Do Schools Use Accountability Rewards Productively?
We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems-how schools use financial rewards. For two years, California's accountability system financially rewarded schools based on a deterministic function of test scores. Qualifying schools rece...
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| Published in | Journal of business & economic statistics Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 149 - 163 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Alexandria
Taylor & Francis
01.01.2012
American Statistical Association Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0735-0015 1537-2707 |
| DOI | 10.1080/07350015.2012.637868 |
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| Abstract | We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems-how schools use financial rewards. For two years, California's accountability system financially rewarded schools based on a deterministic function of test scores. Qualifying schools received per-pupil awards amounting to about 1% of statewide per-pupil spending. Corroborating anecdotal evidence that awards were paid out as teacher bonuses, we find no evidence that winning schools purchased more instructional material, increased teacher hiring, or changed the subject-specific composition of their teaching staff. Most importantly, we find no evidence that student achievement increased in winning schools. Supplemental materials for this article are available online. |
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| AbstractList | We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems -- how schools use financial rewards. For two years, California's accountability system financially rewarded schools based on a deterministic function of test scores. Qualifying schools received per-pupil awards amounting to about 1% of statewide per-pupil spending. Corroborating anecdotal evidence that awards were paid out as teacher bonuses, we find no evidence that winning schools purchased more instructional material, increased teacher hiring, or changed the subject-specific composition of their teaching staff. Most importantly, we find no evidence that student achievement increased in winning schools. Supplemental materials for this article are available online. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems-how schools use financial rewards. For two years, California's accountability system financially rewarded schools based on a deterministic function of test scores. Qualifying schools received per-pupil awards amounting to about 1% of statewide per-pupil spending. Corroborating anecdotal evidence that awards were paid out as teacher bonuses, we find no evidence that winning schools purchased more instructional material, increased teacher hiring, or changed the subject-specific composition of their teaching staff. Most importantly, we find no evidence that student achievement increased in winning schools. Supplemental materials for this article are available online. |
| Author | Jacobson, Mireille Bacolod, Marigee DiNardo, John |
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| References_xml | – volume-title: “California's K-12 Public Schools: How Are They Doing?” year: 2005 ident: e_1_3_2_6_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_8_1 doi: 10.1257/0002828054825529 – ident: e_1_3_2_25_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005 – volume-title: “What Have We Learned About Class Size Reduction in California?,” year: 2002 ident: e_1_3_2_11_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_13_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.08.005 – volume-title: “Four-peat: Data Analysis Results from Uncharacteristic Continuity in California Student Testing Programs,” year: 2003 ident: e_1_3_2_27_1 – volume-title: “School Reward Program at-a-Glance,” year: 2001 ident: e_1_3_2_2_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_24_1 doi: 10.3386/w14723 – year: 2001 ident: e_1_3_2_18_1 article-title: “Governor Pledges to Spare Cities’ Car Tax Dollars When Cutting Budget publication-title: Associated Press State and Local News Wire – volume-title: Local Polynomial Modelling and Its Applications year: 1996 ident: e_1_3_2_12_1 – volume-title: “Lawsuit Put Teacher Bonuses on Hold,” year: 2001 ident: e_1_3_2_14_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_16_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.09.002 – ident: e_1_3_2_23_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.003 – ident: e_1_3_2_3_1 doi: 10.3386/w14775 – ident: e_1_3_2_33_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.007 – ident: e_1_3_2_28_1 doi: 10.3386/w13681 – volume-title: ‘Adequate Yearly Progress,’ Accountablity and Performance Incentives, Presentation at the November 2002 National year: 2002 ident: e_1_3_2_10_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_17_1 doi: 10.1111/1468-0262.00183 – ident: e_1_3_2_26_1 doi: 10.1086/659655 – year: 2000 ident: e_1_3_2_20_1 article-title: “$667 Million in Rewards for Schools, Teachers Approved by Board publication-title: Associated Press State and Local News Wire – ident: e_1_3_2_29_1 doi: 10.2307/2297112 – volume-title: Public Policy Institute of California Report year: 2000 ident: e_1_3_2_31_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_9_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.06.002 – ident: e_1_3_2_32_1 doi: 10.1037/h0044319 – ident: e_1_3_2_4_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.03.009 – volume-title: “Options for Studying Teacher Pay Reform Using Natural Experiments,” year: 2006 ident: e_1_3_2_15_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_7_1 doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1028557 – ident: e_1_3_2_22_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.004 – volume-title: Do School Vouchers Improve Student Performance? year: 2001 ident: e_1_3_2_21_1 – volume-title: “Equal Resources, Equal Outcomes? The Distribution of School Resources and Student Achievement in California,” year: 2000 ident: e_1_3_2_5_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_30_1 doi: 10.1353/pep.2007.0007 – ident: e_1_3_2_19_1 doi: 10.1257/089533002320950993 |
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| Snippet | We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems-how schools use financial rewards. For two years,... We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems—how schools use financial rewards. For two years,... We use a regression discontinuity design to analyze an understudied aspect of school accountability systems -- how schools use financial rewards. For two... |
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| SubjectTerms | Academic achievement Accountability Accountability rewards Application programming interfaces California public schools Disadvantaged schools Economic statistics High schools Monetary incentives NCLB Payments Polynomials Regression analysis Regression discontinuity School districts School enrollment School performance Schools Social disadvantage Studies Test scores |
| Title | Beyond Incentives: Do Schools Use Accountability Rewards Productively? |
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