Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking-Obesity Hypothesis

Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 2702
Main Authors Iatridi, Vasiliki, Armitage, Rhiannon M, Yeomans, Martin R, Hayes, John E
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 04.09.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Adipose Tissue
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Anthropometry
Beverages
Body Composition
Body fat
Body mass
Body Mass Index
Body size
Brain research
Cluster Analysis
Dietary Sugars - analysis
Dopamine
Eating behavior
Fat-free body mass
Female
Food
Food Preferences - physiology
gustatory hedonics
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Hypotheses
ingestive behaviour
Life Style
Male
Methods
Obesity
Obesity - psychology
Overweight
Palatability
Phenotypes
Philosophy
Sucrose
Sugar
Sweet taste
Sweetness
Taste
Tasting tests
Young Adult
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
gustatory hedonics
sweet taste
body-composition
sugar
ingestive behaviour
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Abstract Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body composition. Healthy adults aged 18-34 years from the UK ( = 148) and the US ( = 126) completed laboratory-based sensory tests (sucrose taste tests) and anthropometric measures (body mass index; BMI, body fat; fat-free mass; FFM, waist/hips circumferences). Habitual beverage intake and lifestyle and behavioural characteristics were also assessed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified participants into three phenotypes: sweet liker (SL), sweet disliker (SD), and inverted-U (liking for moderate sweetness). Being a SD was linked to higher body fat among those younger than 21 years old, while in the older group, SLs had the highest BMI and FFM; age groups reflected different levels of exposure to the obesogenic environment. FFM emerged as a better predictor of sweet-liking than BMI and body fat. In the older group, sweetened beverage intake partially explained the phenotype-anthropometry associations. Collectively, our findings implicate underlying energy needs as an explanation for the variation in sweet-liking; the moderating roles of age and obesogenic environment require additional consideration.
AbstractList Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body composition. Healthy adults aged 18–34 years from the UK (n = 148) and the US (n = 126) completed laboratory-based sensory tests (sucrose taste tests) and anthropometric measures (body mass index; BMI, body fat; fat-free mass; FFM, waist/hips circumferences). Habitual beverage intake and lifestyle and behavioural characteristics were also assessed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified participants into three phenotypes: sweet liker (SL), sweet disliker (SD), and inverted-U (liking for moderate sweetness). Being a SD was linked to higher body fat among those younger than 21 years old, while in the older group, SLs had the highest BMI and FFM; age groups reflected different levels of exposure to the obesogenic environment. FFM emerged as a better predictor of sweet-liking than BMI and body fat. In the older group, sweetened beverage intake partially explained the phenotype–anthropometry associations. Collectively, our findings implicate underlying energy needs as an explanation for the variation in sweet-liking; the moderating roles of age and obesogenic environment require additional consideration.
Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body composition. Healthy adults aged 18-34 years from the UK ( = 148) and the US ( = 126) completed laboratory-based sensory tests (sucrose taste tests) and anthropometric measures (body mass index; BMI, body fat; fat-free mass; FFM, waist/hips circumferences). Habitual beverage intake and lifestyle and behavioural characteristics were also assessed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified participants into three phenotypes: sweet liker (SL), sweet disliker (SD), and inverted-U (liking for moderate sweetness). Being a SD was linked to higher body fat among those younger than 21 years old, while in the older group, SLs had the highest BMI and FFM; age groups reflected different levels of exposure to the obesogenic environment. FFM emerged as a better predictor of sweet-liking than BMI and body fat. In the older group, sweetened beverage intake partially explained the phenotype-anthropometry associations. Collectively, our findings implicate underlying energy needs as an explanation for the variation in sweet-liking; the moderating roles of age and obesogenic environment require additional consideration.
Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body composition. Healthy adults aged 18–34 years from the UK ( n = 148) and the US ( n = 126) completed laboratory-based sensory tests (sucrose taste tests) and anthropometric measures (body mass index; BMI, body fat; fat-free mass; FFM, waist/hips circumferences). Habitual beverage intake and lifestyle and behavioural characteristics were also assessed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified participants into three phenotypes: sweet liker (SL), sweet disliker (SD), and inverted-U (liking for moderate sweetness). Being a SD was linked to higher body fat among those younger than 21 years old, while in the older group, SLs had the highest BMI and FFM; age groups reflected different levels of exposure to the obesogenic environment. FFM emerged as a better predictor of sweet-liking than BMI and body fat. In the older group, sweetened beverage intake partially explained the phenotype–anthropometry associations. Collectively, our findings implicate underlying energy needs as an explanation for the variation in sweet-liking; the moderating roles of age and obesogenic environment require additional consideration.
Author Yeomans, Martin R
Hayes, John E
Iatridi, Vasiliki
Armitage, Rhiannon M
AuthorAffiliation 3 Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
2 Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; jeh40@psu.edu
1 School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, UK; ra294@sussex.ac.uk (R.M.A.); martin@sussex.ac.uk (M.R.Y.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, UK; ra294@sussex.ac.uk (R.M.A.); martin@sussex.ac.uk (M.R.Y.)
– name: 3 Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899675$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 9
Keywords gustatory hedonics
sweet taste
body-composition
sugar
ingestive behaviour
Language English
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  article-title: Dietary habits and the perception and liking of sweetness among Australian and Malaysian students: A cross-cultural study
  publication-title: Food Qual. Prefer.
  doi: 10.1016/S0950-3293(99)00076-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Holt
– volume: 14
  start-page: 203
  year: 1990
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Invisible fats: Sensory assessment of sugar/fat mixtures
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/0195-6663(90)90088-P
  contributor:
    fullname: Drewnowski
SSID ssj0000070763
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Snippet Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to...
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SubjectTerms Adipose Tissue
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Anthropometry
Beverages
Body Composition
Body fat
Body mass
Body Mass Index
Body size
Brain research
Cluster Analysis
Dietary Sugars - analysis
Dopamine
Eating behavior
Fat-free body mass
Female
Food
Food Preferences - physiology
gustatory hedonics
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Hypotheses
ingestive behaviour
Life Style
Male
Methods
Obesity
Obesity - psychology
Overweight
Palatability
Phenotypes
Philosophy
Sucrose
Sugar
Sweet taste
Sweetness
Taste
Tasting tests
Young Adult
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Title Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking-Obesity Hypothesis
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899675
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Volume 12
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