Dietary Inflammation Index and Its Association with Long-Term All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General US Population by Baseline Glycemic Status

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 13; p. 2556
• Main Authors: Yuan, Sheng, Song, Chenxi, Zhang, Rui, He, Jining, Dou, Kefei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.06.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Alcohol; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cohort Studies; Cytokines; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet - adverse effects; dietary inflammation index; Fasting; Fatty acids; Food; Glucose; Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; inflammatory diet; Mortality; NHANES; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutrition Surveys; Population; prediabetes; Prediabetic State - epidemiology; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Variables; United States > US; nutrition; NHANES; diabetes mellitus; dietary inflammation index; inflammatory diet; prediabetes
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14132556
• ISSN: 2072-6643

Dietary inflammatory potential has been proven to be correlated with the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the evidence regarding the impact of dietary inflammatory patterns on long-term mortality is scarce. This cohort study aims to investigate the dietary inflammatory pattern of the general US individuals by baseline glycemic status and to estimate its association with long-term mortality. A total of 20,762 general American adults with different glycemic statuses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. We extracted 24-h dietary information, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated. The outcomes were defined as 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the normoglycemia group, individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had higher DII scores (overall weighted p < 0.001). Compared with low DII scores, participants with high DII scores were at a higher risk of long-term all-cause mortality (HR: 1.597, 95% CI: 1.370, 1.861; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.036, 95% CI: 1.458, 2.844; p < 0.001). The results were stable after adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, the prognostic value of DII for long-term all-cause mortality existed only in diabetic individuals but not in the normoglycemia or prediabetes group (p for interaction = 0.006). In conclusion, compared to the normoglycemia or prediabetes groups, participants with diabetes had a higher DII score, which indicates a greater pro-inflammatory potential. Diabetic individuals with higher DII scores were at a higher risk of long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.