Resporulation of Calcium Alginate Encapsulated Metarhizium anisopliae on Metham ® -Fumigated Soil and Infectivity on Larvae of Tenebrio molitor
Metarhizium anisopliae infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato. The presence of other soil microbes, which exhibit competitive fungistasis, may inhibit the establishment of M. anisopliae in soil. Microbial...
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Published in | Journal of fungi (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 10; p. 1114 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Abstract | Metarhizium anisopliae infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato. The presence of other soil microbes, which exhibit competitive fungistasis, may inhibit the establishment of M. anisopliae in soil. Microbially depleted soil, for example, sterilized soil, has been shown to improve the resporulation of the fungus from nutrient-fortified M. anisopliae. Prior to planting, sweetpotato plant beds can be disinfected with fumigants, such as Metham®, to control soil-borne pests and weeds. Metham® is a broad-spectrum soil microbial suppressant; however, its effect on Metarhizium spp. is unclear. In the research presented here, fungal resporulation was examined in Metham®-fumigated soil and the infectivity of the resulting granule sporulation was evaluated on mealworm, as a proxy for wireworm. The fungal granules grown on different soil treatments (fumigated, field and pasteurized soil) resporulated profusely (for example, 4.14 × 107 (±2.17 × 106) conidia per granule on fumigated soil), but the resporulation was not significantly different among the three soil treatments. However, the conidial germination of the resporulated granules on fumigated soil was >80%, which was significantly higher than those on pasteurized soil or field soil. The resporulated fungal granules were highly infective, causing 100% insect mortality 9 days after the inoculation, regardless of soil treatments. The results from this research show that the fungal granules applied to soils could be an infective inoculant in sweetpotato fields in conjunction with soil fumigation. Additional field studies are required to validate these results and to demonstrate integration with current farming practices. |
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AbstractList | Metarhizium anisopliae
infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato. The presence of other soil microbes, which exhibit competitive fungistasis, may inhibit the establishment of
M. anisopliae
in soil. Microbially depleted soil, for example, sterilized soil, has been shown to improve the resporulation of the fungus from nutrient-fortified
M. anisopliae.
Prior to planting, sweetpotato plant beds can be disinfected with fumigants, such as Metham
®
, to control soil-borne pests and weeds. Metham
®
is a broad-spectrum soil microbial suppressant; however, its effect on
Metarhizium
spp. is unclear. In the research presented here, fungal resporulation was examined in Metham
®
-fumigated soil and the infectivity of the resulting granule sporulation was evaluated on mealworm, as a proxy for wireworm. The fungal granules grown on different soil treatments (fumigated, field and pasteurized soil) resporulated profusely (for example, 4.14 × 10
7
(±2.17 × 10
6
) conidia per granule on fumigated soil), but the resporulation was not significantly different among the three soil treatments. However, the conidial germination of the resporulated granules on fumigated soil was >80%, which was significantly higher than those on pasteurized soil or field soil. The resporulated fungal granules were highly infective, causing 100% insect mortality 9 days after the inoculation, regardless of soil treatments. The results from this research show that the fungal granules applied to soils could be an infective inoculant in sweetpotato fields in conjunction with soil fumigation. Additional field studies are required to validate these results and to demonstrate integration with current farming practices. Metarhizium anisopliae infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato. The presence of other soil microbes, which exhibit competitive fungistasis, may inhibit the establishment of M. anisopliae in soil. Microbially depleted soil, for example, sterilized soil, has been shown to improve the resporulation of the fungus from nutrient-fortified M. anisopliae. Prior to planting, sweetpotato plant beds can be disinfected with fumigants, such as Metham®, to control soil-borne pests and weeds. Metham® is a broad-spectrum soil microbial suppressant; however, its effect on Metarhizium spp. is unclear. In the research presented here, fungal resporulation was examined in Metham®-fumigated soil and the infectivity of the resulting granule sporulation was evaluated on mealworm, as a proxy for wireworm. The fungal granules grown on different soil treatments (fumigated, field and pasteurized soil) resporulated profusely (for example, 4.14 × 107 (±2.17 × 106) conidia per granule on fumigated soil), but the resporulation was not significantly different among the three soil treatments. However, the conidial germination of the resporulated granules on fumigated soil was >80%, which was significantly higher than those on pasteurized soil or field soil. The resporulated fungal granules were highly infective, causing 100% insect mortality 9 days after the inoculation, regardless of soil treatments. The results from this research show that the fungal granules applied to soils could be an infective inoculant in sweetpotato fields in conjunction with soil fumigation. Additional field studies are required to validate these results and to demonstrate integration with current farming practices. |
Author | Shah, Sudhan Wilson, Bree A L Ash, Gavin J |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia 2 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia – name: 2 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sudhan orcidid: 0000-0003-0981-322X surname: Shah fullname: Shah, Sudhan organization: Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Gavin J orcidid: 0000-0002-6703-8295 surname: Ash fullname: Ash, Gavin J organization: Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Bree A L surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, Bree A L organization: Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294679$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | calcium alginate granules entomopathogenic fungi soil fumigation biological insect control soil insects Metarhizium anisopliae |
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Snippet | Metarhizium anisopliae infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato.... Metarhizium anisopliae infects and kills a large range of insects and is a promising biocontrol agent to manage soil insects, such as wireworm in sweetpotato.... |
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SubjectTerms | Alginic acid Biological control biological insect control Calcium alginate calcium alginate granules Conidia Crops entomopathogenic fungi Fumigants Fumigation Fungi Fungistasis Gene expression Germination Herbivores Infectivity Inoculation Insects Ipomoea batatas Laboratories Metarhizium anisopliae Mortality Nematodes Pathogens Pest control Pests Sodium soil fumigation soil insects Soil microorganisms Sporulation Tenebrio molitor Weeds |
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Title | Resporulation of Calcium Alginate Encapsulated Metarhizium anisopliae on Metham ® -Fumigated Soil and Infectivity on Larvae of Tenebrio molitor |
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