Molecular seasonality of Giardia lamblia in a cohort of Egyptian children: a circannual pattern
Giardia lamblia ( G. lamblia ) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The potentially lethal nature of giardiasis makes it essential that the seasonality, the groups at risk, and other potential risk factors are ide...
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Published in | Parasitology research (1987) Vol. 115; no. 11; pp. 4221 - 4227 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.11.2016
Springer Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Giardia lamblia
(
G. lamblia
) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The potentially lethal nature of giardiasis makes it essential that the seasonality, the groups at risk, and other potential risk factors are identified. The present molecular epidemiological study was designed to determine the genetic diversity of
G. lamblia
infection, taking into account seasonal peaks, age distribution, and associated symptoms in a cohort of Egyptian diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 1187 diarrheic patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University hospitals, of all age groups over a 12-month period. The patients were examined microscopically for fecal
G. lamblia
cysts, and/or trophozoites, and for copro-DNA detection using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays targeting beta giardin gene. PCR-positive samples were characterized molecularly by nPCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine
Giardia
assemblages. The findings revealed circannual prevalence of
Giardia
, with a seasonal pattern peaking in mid-summer and late winter, with the summer peak preceded by a peak in temperature. Infection was prevailing in 224 (18.9 %) cases, mainly assemblage B (81.2 %) followed by assemblage A (18.8 %). There were statistically significant associations between the detection of
Giardia
and flatulence, persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, while gender and intermittent diarrhea showed no association. The pre-school age group was the most vulnerable. This is the first study of molecular characterization of
Giardia
to determine its circannual prevalence in Egypt, a finding which carries promising potential for the diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of the disease. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The potentially lethal nature of giardiasis makes it essential that the seasonality, the groups at risk, and other potential risk factors are identified. The present molecular epidemiological study was designed to determine the genetic diversity of G. lamblia infection, taking into account seasonal peaks, age distribution, and associated symptoms in a cohort of Egyptian diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 1187 diarrheic patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University hospitals, of all age groups over a 12-month period. The patients were examined microscopically for fecal G. lamblia cysts, and/or trophozoites, and for copro-DNA detection using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays targeting beta giardin gene. PCR-positive samples were characterized molecularly by nPCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine Giardia assemblages. The findings revealed circannual prevalence of Giardia, with a seasonal pattern peaking in mid-summer and late winter, with the summer peak preceded by a peak in temperature. Infection was prevailing in 224 (18.9 %) cases, mainly assemblage B (81.2 %) followed by assemblage A (18.8 %). There were statistically significant associations between the detection of Giardia and flatulence, persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, while gender and intermittent diarrhea showed no association. The pre-school age group was the most vulnerable. This is the first study of molecular characterization of Giardia to determine its circannual prevalence in Egypt, a finding which carries promising potential for the diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of the disease. Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The potentially lethal nature of giardiasis makes it essential that the seasonality, the groups at risk, and other potential risk factors are identified. The present molecular epidemiological study was designed to determine the genetic diversity of G. lamblia infection, taking into account seasonal peaks, age distribution, and associated symptoms in a cohort of Egyptian diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 1187 diarrheic patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University hospitals, of all age groups over a 12-month period. The patients were examined microscopically for fecal G. lamblia cysts, and/or trophozoites, and for copro-DNA detection using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays targeting beta giardin gene. PCR-positive samples were characterized molecularly by nPCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine Giardia assemblages. The findings revealed circannual prevalence of Giardia, with a seasonal pattern peaking in mid-summer and late winter, with the summer peak preceded by a peak in temperature. Infection was prevailing in 224 (18.9 %) cases, mainly assemblage B (81.2 %) followed by assemblage A (18.8 %). There were statistically significant associations between the detection of Giardia and flatulence, persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, while gender and intermittent diarrhea showed no association. The pre-school age group was the most vulnerable. This is the first study of molecular characterization of Giardia to determine its circannual prevalence in Egypt, a finding which carries promising potential for the diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of the disease. Giardia lamblia ( G. lamblia ) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The potentially lethal nature of giardiasis makes it essential that the seasonality, the groups at risk, and other potential risk factors are identified. The present molecular epidemiological study was designed to determine the genetic diversity of G. lamblia infection, taking into account seasonal peaks, age distribution, and associated symptoms in a cohort of Egyptian diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 1187 diarrheic patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University hospitals, of all age groups over a 12-month period. The patients were examined microscopically for fecal G. lamblia cysts, and/or trophozoites, and for copro-DNA detection using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays targeting beta giardin gene. PCR-positive samples were characterized molecularly by nPCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine Giardia assemblages. The findings revealed circannual prevalence of Giardia , with a seasonal pattern peaking in mid-summer and late winter, with the summer peak preceded by a peak in temperature. Infection was prevailing in 224 (18.9 %) cases, mainly assemblage B (81.2 %) followed by assemblage A (18.8 %). There were statistically significant associations between the detection of Giardia and flatulence, persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, while gender and intermittent diarrhea showed no association. The pre-school age group was the most vulnerable. This is the first study of molecular characterization of Giardia to determine its circannual prevalence in Egypt, a finding which carries promising potential for the diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of the disease. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | El-Akkad, Dina M.H. El-Askary, Hala M. Ismail, Mousa A.M. Rizk, Enas M.A. El-Badry, Ayman A. |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2111_y crossref_primary_10_1080_2331205X_2018_1503777 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exppara_2022_108277 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actatropica_2019_05_012 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11686_022_00548_y crossref_primary_10_1080_15513815_2022_2053013 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_021_06615_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2022_105212 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00436_023_07798_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envadv_2023_100414 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12639_019_01165_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_018_2981_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1377123 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens6030033 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0240119 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2018_02830 crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_1180217 crossref_primary_10_4103_tp_tp_28_21 |
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Snippet | Giardia lamblia
(
G. lamblia
) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The... Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The... |
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SubjectTerms | Age Age composition Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Child Child, Preschool Children Cohort Studies Cysts Diarrhea Diarrhea - epidemiology Diarrhea - parasitology Egypt - epidemiology Feces - parasitology Female Gene polymorphism Genetic diversity Genotype Giardia Giardia lamblia Giardia lamblia - classification Giardia lamblia - genetics Giardia lamblia - isolation & purification Giardiasis Giardiasis - epidemiology Giardiasis - parasitology Health aspects Hospitals, University Humans Immunology Intestine Male Medical Microbiology Microbiology Observations Original Paper Pain Polymerase chain reaction Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Prevalence Protozoa Restriction fragment length polymorphism Risk Factors Seasonal distribution Seasonal variations Seasonal variations (Diseases) Seasons Statistical analysis Temperature effects Trophozoites Vomiting |
Title | Molecular seasonality of Giardia lamblia in a cohort of Egyptian children: a circannual pattern |
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