Effect of Moisture on Shape Memory Polyurethane Polymers for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show moisture sensitivity. However, moisture effects become more pronounced in polymers used for critical applications, such as biomedical stents,...

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Published inMaterials Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 244
Main Authors Garces, Irina T., Aslanzadeh, Samira, Boluk, Yaman, Ayranci, Cagri
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 12.01.2019
MDPI
Subjects
3-D printers
ABS resins
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Additive manufacturing
Bisphenol A
Butanediol
Chemical bonds
Diisocyanates
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene oxide
Extrusion
Glass transition temperature
Hydrogen bonding
Manufacturers
Mechanical properties
Moisture
Moisture absorption
Organic chemistry
Polyamide resins
Polylactic acid
Polymers
Polypropylene glycol
Polyurethane resins
Shape effects
Shape memory
Studies
Temperature
Thermoplastic resins
United States > US
moisture effects
shape-memory polyurethanes
extrusion-based additive manufacturing
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show moisture sensitivity. However, moisture effects become more pronounced in polymers used for critical applications, such as biomedical stents, sensors, and actuators. The effects of moisture on the manufacturing process and the long-term performance of Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) have not been fully investigated in the literature. This study focuses primarily on block-copolymer SMPUs that have two different hard/soft (h/s) segment ratios. It investigates the effect of moisture on the various properties via studying: (i) the effect of moisture trapping within these polymers and the consequences when manufacturing; (ii) and the effect on end product performance of plasticization by moisture. Results indicate that higher h/s SMPU shows higher microphase separation, which leads to an increase of moisture trapping within the polymer. Understanding moisture trapping is critical for EBAM parts due to an increase in void content and a decrease in printing quality. The results also indicate a stronger plasticizing effect on polymers with lower h/s ratio but with a more forgiving printing behavior compared to the higher h/s ratio.
AbstractList For the majority of the polymers used with EBAM, including polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and various grades of polyamide (Nylon®), moisture is an obstacle during the manufacturing process and later during the part’s life cycle. In general, SMPs are classified into two main categories, those that show a shape memory effect (SME) by means of chemical bonds (commonly in thermosets) and those by means of physical bonds or hydrogen bonding (commonly in thermoplastics) [8]. Plasticization by water lowers the glass transition temperature, mechanical properties and melt viscosity of the SMPU [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. According to the technical sheet provided by the manufacturer, the SMP materials are prepared from diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, adipic acid, ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, 1,4-butanediol and bisphenol A. MM4520 and MM7520 were received in pellet form and have prescribed glass transition temperatures of 45 °C and 75 °C, respectively. 3.
Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show moisture sensitivity. However, moisture effects become more pronounced in polymers used for critical applications, such as biomedical stents, sensors, and actuators. The effects of moisture on the manufacturing process and the long-term performance of Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) have not been fully investigated in the literature. This study focuses primarily on block-copolymer SMPUs that have two different hard/soft (h/s) segment ratios. It investigates the effect of moisture on the various properties via studying: (i) the effect of moisture trapping within these polymers and the consequences when manufacturing; (ii) and the effect on end product performance of plasticization by moisture. Results indicate that higher h/s SMPU shows higher microphase separation, which leads to an increase of moisture trapping within the polymer. Understanding moisture trapping is critical for EBAM parts due to an increase in void content and a decrease in printing quality. The results also indicate a stronger plasticizing effect on polymers with lower h/s ratio but with a more forgiving printing behavior compared to the higher h/s ratio.
Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show moisture sensitivity. However, moisture effects become more pronounced in polymers used for critical applications, such as biomedical stents, sensors, and actuators. The effects of moisture on the manufacturing process and the long-term performance of Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) have not been fully investigated in the literature. This study focuses primarily on block-copolymer SMPUs that have two different hard/soft (h/s) segment ratios. It investigates the effect of moisture on the various properties via studying: (i) the effect of moisture trapping within these polymers and the consequences when manufacturing; (ii) and the effect on end product performance of plasticization by moisture. Results indicate that higher h/s SMPU shows higher microphase separation, which leads to an increase of moisture trapping within the polymer. Understanding moisture trapping is critical for EBAM parts due to an increase in void content and a decrease in printing quality. The results also indicate a stronger plasticizing effect on polymers with lower h/s ratio but with a more forgiving printing behavior compared to the higher h/s ratio.Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show moisture sensitivity. However, moisture effects become more pronounced in polymers used for critical applications, such as biomedical stents, sensors, and actuators. The effects of moisture on the manufacturing process and the long-term performance of Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) have not been fully investigated in the literature. This study focuses primarily on block-copolymer SMPUs that have two different hard/soft (h/s) segment ratios. It investigates the effect of moisture on the various properties via studying: (i) the effect of moisture trapping within these polymers and the consequences when manufacturing; (ii) and the effect on end product performance of plasticization by moisture. Results indicate that higher h/s SMPU shows higher microphase separation, which leads to an increase of moisture trapping within the polymer. Understanding moisture trapping is critical for EBAM parts due to an increase in void content and a decrease in printing quality. The results also indicate a stronger plasticizing effect on polymers with lower h/s ratio but with a more forgiving printing behavior compared to the higher h/s ratio.
Author Aslanzadeh, Samira
Ayranci, Cagri
Garces, Irina T.
Boluk, Yaman
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada; garces@ualberta.ca (I.T.G.); saslanza@ualberta.ca (S.A.)
2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G8, Canada; yaman@ualberta.ca
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada; garces@ualberta.ca (I.T.G.); saslanza@ualberta.ca (S.A.)
– name: 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G8, Canada; yaman@ualberta.ca
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Irina T.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8187-4652
  surname: Garces
  fullname: Garces, Irina T.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Samira
  surname: Aslanzadeh
  fullname: Aslanzadeh, Samira
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yaman
  surname: Boluk
  fullname: Boluk, Yaman
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  givenname: Cagri
  surname: Ayranci
  fullname: Ayranci, Cagri
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30642087$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 2
Keywords moisture effects
shape-memory polyurethanes
extrusion-based additive manufacturing
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Snippet Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show...
For the majority of the polymers used with EBAM, including polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and various grades of polyamide...
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StartPage 244
SubjectTerms 3-D printers
ABS resins
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Additive manufacturing
Bisphenol A
Butanediol
Chemical bonds
Diisocyanates
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene oxide
Extrusion
Glass transition temperature
Hydrogen bonding
Manufacturers
Mechanical properties
Moisture
Moisture absorption
Organic chemistry
Polyamide resins
Polylactic acid
Polymers
Polypropylene glycol
Polyurethane resins
Shape effects
Shape memory
Studies
Temperature
Thermoplastic resins
Title Effect of Moisture on Shape Memory Polyurethane Polymers for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30642087
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2332272305
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2179364804
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6356422
Volume 12
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