Biological markers of exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents

• Published in: Archives of toxicology Vol. 87; no. 3; pp. 421 - 437
• Main Authors: Black, Robin M., Read, Robert W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.03.2013; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Biological & chemical weapons; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers - urine; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Biotransformation; Chemical Warfare Agents - adverse effects; Chemical Warfare Agents - metabolism; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Human exposure; Humans; Mass spectrometry; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Health; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Organophosphate Poisoning - blood; Organophosphate Poisoning - diagnosis; Organophosphate Poisoning - urine; Organophosphorus Compounds - adverse effects; Organophosphorus Compounds - blood; Organophosphorus Compounds - urine; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Point-of-Care Systems; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Proteins - metabolism; Review Article; Risk Assessment; Toxicity; Organophosphorus; Biomarker; Review; Nerve agent; Mass spectrometry

Organophosphorus nerve agents are the most toxic chemical warfare agents that are known to have been produced, stockpiled and weaponised. Their development, production, stockpiling and use are prohibited under the terms of the Chemical Weapons Convention and, together with their precursors, are subj...