User-Centric Cell-Free Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output System with Noisy Channel Gain Estimation and Line of Sight: A Beckmann Distribution Approach

• Published in: Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 3; p. 223
• Main Authors: Almeida, Danilo B. T., Alencar, Marcelo S., Queiroz, Wamberto J. L., Duarte, Rafael M., Madeiro, Francisco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.02.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; cell-free; channel capacity; distributed architecture; Distribution (Probability theory); Inequality; Line of sight; Monte Carlo simulation; outage probability; Probability density functions; Random variables; Statistics; cell-free; outage probability; distributed architecture; channel capacity
• ISSN: 1099-4300; 1099-4300
• DOI: 10.3390/e27030223

This paper analyzes for the first time how the Beckmann distribution can be used to characterize the random variable that represents the envelope of the effective channel gain experienced by the k-th user equipment (UE) of a user-centric (UC) cell-free (CF) system in a scenario with noisy channel state information (CSI) estimation and line of sight (LoS). Additionally, it is shown how the Beckmann probability density function (PDF) can be used to derive the PDF and the cumulative density function (CDF) of the instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the UC CF k-th UE, followed by applications in the ergodic capacity (EC) and outage probability (OP) expression derivations. It is shown that, regardless of the type of distribution considered for the channel gain between each access point (AP) and UE links, the effective gain presents a Beckmann distribution.