COVID‐19 in children: I. Epidemiology, prevention and indirect impacts
Children globally have been profoundly impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This review explores the direct and indirect public health impacts of COVID‐19 on children. We discuss in detail the transmission dynamics, vaccination strategies and, importantly, the ‘shadow pandem...
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| Published in | Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Vol. 58; no. 1; pp. 39 - 45 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article Web Resource |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Australia
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
01.01.2022
John Wiley & Sons, Inc Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Children globally have been profoundly impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This review explores the direct and indirect public health impacts of COVID‐19 on children. We discuss in detail the transmission dynamics, vaccination strategies and, importantly, the ‘shadow pandemic’, encompassing underappreciated indirect impacts of the pandemic on children. The indirect effects of COVID‐19 will have a long‐term impact beyond the immediate pandemic period. These include the mental health and wellbeing risks, disruption to family income and attendant stressors including increased family violence, delayed medical attention and the critical issue of prolonged loss of face‐to‐face learning in a normal school environment. Amplification of existing inequities and creation of new disadvantage are likely additional sequelae, with children from vulnerable families disproportionately affected. We emphasise the responsibility of paediatricians to advocate on behalf of this vulnerable group to ensure the longer‐term effects of COVID‐19 public health responses on the health and wellbeing of children are fully considered. |
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| AbstractList | Children globally have been profoundly impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This review explores the direct and indirect public health impacts of COVID‐19 on children. We discuss in detail the transmission dynamics, vaccination strategies and, importantly, the ‘shadow pandemic’, encompassing underappreciated indirect impacts of the pandemic on children. The indirect effects of COVID‐19 will have a long‐term impact beyond the immediate pandemic period. These include the mental health and wellbeing risks, disruption to family income and attendant stressors including increased family violence, delayed medical attention and the critical issue of prolonged loss of face‐to‐face learning in a normal school environment. Amplification of existing inequities and creation of new disadvantage are likely additional sequelae, with children from vulnerable families disproportionately affected. We emphasise the responsibility of paediatricians to advocate on behalf of this vulnerable group to ensure the longer‐term effects of COVID‐19 public health responses on the health and wellbeing of children are fully considered. |
| Author | Yeoh, Daniel K Kuek, Stephanie Crawford, Nigel W Sharma, Ketaki McMullan, Brendan J Tosif, Shidan Goeman, Emma Britton, Philip N Gray, Paul E Burgner, David P Danchin, Margie Koirala, Archana Howard‐Jones, Annaleise R Hsu, Peter Bowen, Asha C Wurzel, Danielle |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia 7 Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia 18 Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia 3 Department of Infectious Diseases Perth Children's Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia 15 Department of Immunology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia 11 Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia 10 Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia 17 School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia 9 Department of Infectious Diseases Nepean Hospital Penrith New South Wales Australia 14 School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia 1 Sydney Med |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 15 Department of Immunology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 14 School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 8 National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 18 Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 5 Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia – name: 16 Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia – name: 2 NSW Health Pathology‐Nepean Nepean Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 3 Department of Infectious Diseases Perth Children's Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia – name: 13 Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Sydney Children's Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 17 School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia – name: 9 Department of Infectious Diseases Nepean Hospital Penrith New South Wales Australia – name: 12 Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia – name: 7 Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia – name: 10 Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia – name: 11 Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia – name: 4 Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia – name: 6 Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia |
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| SubjectTerms | Child Child & adolescent psychiatry COVID-19 Disease prevention Domestic Violence educational impact Epidemiology Humans Mental Health Pandemics Pediatrics Public health Review SARS-CoV-2 school‐based transmission Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Shelter in place vaccination |
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| Title | COVID‐19 in children: I. Epidemiology, prevention and indirect impacts |
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