Development of an immobilization system for in situ micronutrients release

• Published in: Food research international Vol. 90; pp. 121 - 132
• Main Authors: Ramos, Philippe E., Cerqueira, Miguel A., Cook, Michael T., Bourbon, Ana I., Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V., Charalampoulos, Dimitris, Teixeira, José A., Vicente, António A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canada Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2016
• Subjects: chitosan; Coated microcapsules; coatings; electrostatic interactions; encapsulation; Folate; folic acid; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Layer-by-layer; Microcapsules; microscopy; polymers; Probiotics; small intestine; sodium alginate; stomach; turbidity; Microcapsules; Coated microcapsules; Probiotics; Folate; Layer-by-layer
• ISSN: 0963-9969; 1873-7145; 1873-7145
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.050

An immobilization system constituted by coated microcapsules was developed aiming at immobilizing probiotic bacteria capable of producing folate and release it in a sustained manner into the intestine. Despite no probiotic folate-producers have been immobilized so far, the system has been developed with this goal and this work reports its stability and ability to release folate under gastro-intestinal conditions. Microcapsules were made of alginate with three consecutive coatings of poly-l-lysine, sodium alginate and chitosan. Turbidity experiments showed a strong electrostatic interaction between these polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and confocal analysis showed the stability of the coating materials when applied on the microcapsules, even after they were immersed in solutions simulating conditions in the stomach and small intestine (i.e. pH2, 60min and pH7.2, 120min, respectively). Coated microcapsules have an average diameter size ranged from 20 and 40μm, and swelled upon exposure to a neutral medium, without dissolution as showed by microscopy analyses. Release experiments proved the ability of the coated microcapsules to release folic acid, at different rates, depending on the applied coating. Release experiments showed that the first coating (Ɛ-PLL) is characterized by Fickian diffusion as the main release mechanism of folic acid. Fickian rate constant (kF) decreased with the number of consequent coatings, reflecting the decrease of predominance of Fick's behavior. Results showed that the developed coated microcapsules have suitable characteristics for encapsulation of folic acid aiming in situ release in the intestine. [Display omitted] •Turbidity measurements proved high electrostatic affinity between the polymers used.•Coated microparticles' size is 20μm at pH2 and 40μm at pH7.•FTIR and confocal analyses proved the adhesion of three different coatings.•Fickian diffusion and Case II transport characterize folic acid release behavior.