In Vitro Studies Indicate Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Acts as Lipid Sink in Verapamil Poisoning
Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), a component of parenteral nutrition, consists of a fat emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids, and glycerin. Case reports suggest that ILE may reverse hypotension caused by acute poisoning with lipophilic drugs such as verapamil, but the mechanism remains uncle...
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Published in | Journal of medical toxicology Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 165 - 171 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
01.06.2016
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), a component of parenteral nutrition, consists of a fat emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids, and glycerin. Case reports suggest that ILE may reverse hypotension caused by acute poisoning with lipophilic drugs such as verapamil, but the mechanism remains unclear. The methods used are the following: (1) measurement of ILE concentration in serum samples from a patient with verapamil poisoning treated with ILE, (2) measurement of free verapamil concentrations in human serum mixed in vitro with increasing concentrations of ILE, and (3) measurement of murine ventricular cardiomyocyte
l
-type Ca
2+
currents, intracellular Ca
2+
, and contractility in response to verapamil and/or ILE. Maximum patient serum ILE concentration after infusion of 1 L ILE over 1 h was approximately 1.6 vol%. In vitro GC/MS verapamil assays showed that addition of ILE (0.03–5.0 vol%) dose-dependently decreased the free verapamil concentration in human serum. In voltage-clamped myocytes, adding ILE to Tyrode’s solution containing 5 μM verapamil recovered
l
-type Ca
2+
currents (I
Ca
). Recovery was concentration dependent, with significant I
Ca
recovery at ILE concentrations as low as 0.03 vol%. ILE had no effect on I
Ca
in the absence of verapamil. In field-stimulated intact ventricular myocytes exposed to verapamil, adding ILE (0.5 %) resulted in a rapid and nearly complete recovery of myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca
2+
. Our in vitro studies indicate that ILE acts as a lipid sink that rapidly reverses impaired cardiomyocyte contractility in the continued presence of verapamil. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), a component of parenteral nutrition, consists of a fat emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids, and glycerin. Case reports suggest that ILE may reverse hypotension caused by acute poisoning with lipophilic drugs such as verapamil, but the mechanism remains unclear. The methods used are the following: (1) measurement of ILE concentration in serum samples from a patient with verapamil poisoning treated with ILE, (2) measurement of free verapamil concentrations in human serum mixed in vitro with increasing concentrations of ILE, and (3) measurement of murine ventricular cardiomyocyte l-type Ca2+ currents, intracellular Ca2+, and contractility in response to verapamil and/or ILE. Maximum patient serum ILE concentration after infusion of 1 L ILE over 1 h was approximately 1.6 vol%. In vitro GC/MS verapamil assays showed that addition of ILE (0.03-5.0 vol%) dose-dependently decreased the free verapamil concentration in human serum. In voltage-clamped myocytes, adding ILE to Tyrode's solution containing 5 [mu]M verapamil recovered l-type Ca2+ currents (ICa). Recovery was concentration dependent, with significant ICa recovery at ILE concentrations as low as 0.03 vol%. ILE had no effect on ICa in the absence of verapamil. In field-stimulated intact ventricular myocytes exposed to verapamil, adding ILE (0.5 %) resulted in a rapid and nearly complete recovery of myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+. Our in vitro studies indicate that ILE acts as a lipid sink that rapidly reverses impaired cardiomyocyte contractility in the continued presence of verapamil. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), a component of parenteral nutrition, consists of a fat emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids, and glycerin. Case reports suggest that ILE may reverse hypotension caused by acute poisoning with lipophilic drugs such as verapamil, but the mechanism remains unclear. The methods used are the following: (1) measurement of ILE concentration in serum samples from a patient with verapamil poisoning treated with ILE, (2) measurement of free verapamil concentrations in human serum mixed in vitro with increasing concentrations of ILE, and (3) measurement of murine ventricular cardiomyocyte l -type Ca 2+ currents, intracellular Ca 2+ , and contractility in response to verapamil and/or ILE. Maximum patient serum ILE concentration after infusion of 1 L ILE over 1 h was approximately 1.6 vol%. In vitro GC/MS verapamil assays showed that addition of ILE (0.03–5.0 vol%) dose-dependently decreased the free verapamil concentration in human serum. In voltage-clamped myocytes, adding ILE to Tyrode’s solution containing 5 μM verapamil recovered l -type Ca 2+ currents (I Ca ). Recovery was concentration dependent, with significant I Ca recovery at ILE concentrations as low as 0.03 vol%. ILE had no effect on I Ca in the absence of verapamil. In field-stimulated intact ventricular myocytes exposed to verapamil, adding ILE (0.5 %) resulted in a rapid and nearly complete recovery of myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca 2+ . Our in vitro studies indicate that ILE acts as a lipid sink that rapidly reverses impaired cardiomyocyte contractility in the continued presence of verapamil. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), a component of parenteral nutrition, consists of a fat emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids, and glycerin. Case reports suggest that ILE may reverse hypotension caused by acute poisoning with lipophilic drugs such as verapamil, but the mechanism remains unclear. The methods used are the following: (1) measurement of ILE concentration in serum samples from a patient with verapamil poisoning treated with ILE, (2) measurement of free verapamil concentrations in human serum mixed in vitro with increasing concentrations of ILE, and (3) measurement of murine ventricular cardiomyocyte L-type Ca(2+) currents, intracellular Ca(2+), and contractility in response to verapamil and/or ILE. Maximum patient serum ILE concentration after infusion of 1 L ILE over 1 h was approximately 1.6 vol%. In vitro GC/MS verapamil assays showed that addition of ILE (0.03-5.0 vol%) dose-dependently decreased the free verapamil concentration in human serum. In voltage-clamped myocytes, adding ILE to Tyrode's solution containing 5 μM verapamil recovered L-type Ca(2+) currents (ICa). Recovery was concentration dependent, with significant ICa recovery at ILE concentrations as low as 0.03 vol%. ILE had no effect on ICa in the absence of verapamil. In field-stimulated intact ventricular myocytes exposed to verapamil, adding ILE (0.5 %) resulted in a rapid and nearly complete recovery of myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca(2+). Our in vitro studies indicate that ILE acts as a lipid sink that rapidly reverses impaired cardiomyocyte contractility in the continued presence of verapamil. |
Author | Kryshtal, Dmytro O. Dawling, Sheila Seger, Donna Knollmann, Bjorn C. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dmytro O. surname: Kryshtal fullname: Kryshtal, Dmytro O. organization: Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University – sequence: 2 givenname: Sheila surname: Dawling fullname: Dawling, Sheila organization: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University – sequence: 3 givenname: Donna surname: Seger fullname: Seger, Donna organization: Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University – sequence: 4 givenname: Bjorn C. orcidid: 0000-0003-4956-9735 surname: Knollmann fullname: Knollmann, Bjorn C. email: bjorn.knollmann@vanderbilt.edu organization: Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University |
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SubjectTerms | Absorption, Physicochemical Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Calcium (intracellular) Calcium Channel Blockers - blood Calcium Channel Blockers - chemistry Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology Calcium Channel Blockers - poisoning Calcium channels (L-type) Calcium currents Calcium ions Calcium Signaling - drug effects Cardiac muscle Cardiotoxicity - etiology Cardiotoxicity - prevention & control Case reports Cells, Cultured Contractility Drug Overdose - blood Drug Overdose - physiopathology Drug Overdose - therapy Drug therapy Fat Emulsions, Intravenous - analysis Fat Emulsions, Intravenous - chemistry Fat Emulsions, Intravenous - therapeutic use Heart Humans Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Hypotension Hypotension - etiology Hypotension - prevention & control Infusion Intracellular Intravenous administration Kinetics Lipids Lipophilic Mice, Inbred C57BL Myocardial Contraction - drug effects Myocytes Myocytes, Cardiac - cytology Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects Nutrition Original Original Article Parenteral nutrition Patch-Clamp Techniques Pharmacology/Toxicology Phospholipids Poisoning Prescription drugs Proof of Concept Study Recovery Soybeans Toxicokinetics Triglycerides - analysis Triglycerides - blood Triglycerides - chemistry Ventricle Verapamil Verapamil - antagonists & inhibitors Verapamil - blood Verapamil - pharmacology Verapamil - poisoning |
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Title | In Vitro Studies Indicate Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Acts as Lipid Sink in Verapamil Poisoning |
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