Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia

Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 115; no. 17; pp. E4006 - E4012
Main Authors de la Fuente, Constanza, Ávila-Arcos, María C., Galimany, Jacqueline, Carpenter, Meredith L., Homburger, Julian R., Blanco, Alejandro, Contreras, Paloma, Dávalos, Diana Cruz, Reyes, Omar, San Roman, Manuel, Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Campos, Paula F., Eng, Celeste, Huntsman, Scott, Burchard, Esteban G., Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo, Bustamante, Carlos D., Willerslev, Eske, Llop, Elena, Verdugo, Ricardo A., Moraga, Mauricio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States National Academy of Sciences 24.04.2018
SeriesPNAS Plus
Subjects
Affinity
Biodiversity
Biological Sciences
Biological variation
Genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Human populations
Minority & ethnic groups
Native Americans
PNAS Plus
Populations
Social Sciences
Terrestrial environments
maritime hunter-gatherers
Patagonia
paleogenomics
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Abstract Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia (n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (∼1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ∼200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.
AbstractList Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia (n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (∼1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ∼200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.
Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000-20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia ( = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (∼1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ∼200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.
Significance Recent genomic studies of ancient and modern humans from the Americas have given a comprehensive view of the peopling of the continent. However, regional characterization of ancient and modern individuals is lacking, being key to unveiling fine-scale differences within the continent. We present genome-wide analyses of ancient and modern individuals from South America from Western Patagonia. We found a strong affinity between modern and ancient individuals from the region, providing evidence of continuity in the region for the last ∼1,000 years and regional genetic structure within Southern South America. In particular, the analysis of these ancient genomes helps address questions related to the maritime tradition in the region and its diversification posterior to the split from terrestrial hunter-gatherers. Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia ( n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (∼1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ∼200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.
Recent genomic studies of ancient and modern humans from the Americas have given a comprehensive view of the peopling of the continent. However, regional characterization of ancient and modern individuals is lacking, being key to unveiling fine-scale differences within the continent. We present genome-wide analyses of ancient and modern individuals from South America from Western Patagonia. We found a strong affinity between modern and ancient individuals from the region, providing evidence of continuity in the region for the last ∼1,000 years and regional genetic structure within Southern South America. In particular, the analysis of these ancient genomes helps address questions related to the maritime tradition in the region and its diversification posterior to the split from terrestrial hunter-gatherers. Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia ( n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (∼1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ∼200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.
Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ~15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia (n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (~1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ~200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups.
Author Llop, Elena
Moraga, Mauricio
Reyes, Omar
Contreras, Paloma
Willerslev, Eske
de la Fuente, Constanza
Campos, Paula F.
Carpenter, Meredith L.
Huntsman, Scott
San Roman, Manuel
Moreno-Estrada, Andrés
Homburger, Julian R.
Eng, Celeste
Galimany, Jacqueline
Verdugo, Ricardo A.
Blanco, Alejandro
Ávila-Arcos, María C.
Burchard, Esteban G.
Dávalos, Diana Cruz
Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo
Bustamante, Carlos D.
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Keywords maritime hunter-gatherers
Patagonia
paleogenomics
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content type line 23
Edited by Tony Tosi, Kent State, and accepted by Editorial Board Member C. O. Lovejoy February 5, 2018 (received for review September 30, 2017)
Author contributions: C.d.l.F., R.A.V., and M.M. designed research; C.d.l.F., M.C.Á.-A., M.L.C., A.M.-E., P.F.C., R.A.V., and M.M. performed research; O.R., M.S.R., A.M.-E., C.E., S.H., E.G.B., C.D.B., E.W., and E.L. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.d.l.F., M.C.Á-A., J.G., J.R.H., A.B., P.C., D.C.D., and A.-S.M. analyzed data; and C.d.l.F., M.C.Á.-A., O.R., M.S.R., P.F.C., R.A.V., and M.M. wrote the paper.
ORCID 0000-0002-5309-6937
0000-0002-2857-3615
OpenAccessLink http://hdl.handle.net/10216/120315
PMID 29632188
PQID 2099977979
PQPubID 42026
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proquest_journals_2099977979
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1715688115
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PublicationDate 2018-04-24
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-04-24
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2018
  text: 2018-04-24
  day: 24
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: Washington
PublicationSeriesTitle PNAS Plus
PublicationTitle Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
PublicationTitleAlternate Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher National Academy of Sciences
Publisher_xml – name: National Academy of Sciences
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Snippet Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches...
Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000-20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches...
Significance Recent genomic studies of ancient and modern humans from the Americas have given a comprehensive view of the peopling of the continent. However,...
Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ~15,000–20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches...
Recent genomic studies of ancient and modern humans from the Americas have given a comprehensive view of the peopling of the continent. However, regional...
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SubjectTerms Affinity
Biodiversity
Biological Sciences
Biological variation
Genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Human populations
Minority & ethnic groups
Native Americans
PNAS Plus
Populations
Social Sciences
Terrestrial environments
Title Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/26508688
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29632188
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2099977979
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2023729136
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5924884
Volume 115
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