Polyphenols from Citrus Tacle® Extract Endowed with HMGCR Inhibitory Activity: An Antihypercholesterolemia Natural Remedy
Tacle® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most likely due to a high content in polyphenols, among which the main constituents are the two glycosides naringin and hesperidin. Herein, we evaluate...
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Published in | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 18; p. 5718 |
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Abstract | Tacle® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most likely due to a high content in polyphenols, among which the main constituents are the two glycosides naringin and hesperidin. Herein, we evaluated, through an in vitro assay, the capability of Tacle extracts to inhibit the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme, which plays a key role in cholesterol biosynthesis. The results obtained spurred us to investigate whether the anti-enzymatic activity observed may be due to a direct interaction of aglycones naringenin and hesperetin with the enzyme catalytic site. Molecular docking simulations indicated that these two compounds are able to anchor to the protein with binding modes and affinities similar to those found for statins, which represent mainstream medications against hypercholesterolemia. The overall results showed an interesting nutraceutical potential of Tacle, suggesting that its extract could be used for dietary supplementation in the treatment of moderate hypercholesterolemia. |
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AbstractList | Tacle® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most likely due to a high content in polyphenols, among which the main constituents are the two glycosides naringin and hesperidin. Herein, we evaluated, through an in vitro assay, the capability of Tacle extracts to inhibit the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme, which plays a key role in cholesterol biosynthesis. The results obtained spurred us to investigate whether the anti-enzymatic activity observed may be due to a direct interaction of aglycones naringenin and hesperetin with the enzyme catalytic site. Molecular docking simulations indicated that these two compounds are able to anchor to the protein with binding modes and affinities similar to those found for statins, which represent mainstream medications against hypercholesterolemia. The overall results showed an interesting nutraceutical potential of Tacle, suggesting that its extract could be used for dietary supplementation in the treatment of moderate hypercholesterolemia. Tacle ® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most likely due to a high content in polyphenols, among which the main constituents are the two glycosides naringin and hesperidin. Herein, we evaluated, through an in vitro assay, the capability of Tacle extracts to inhibit the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme, which plays a key role in cholesterol biosynthesis. The results obtained spurred us to investigate whether the anti-enzymatic activity observed may be due to a direct interaction of aglycones naringenin and hesperetin with the enzyme catalytic site. Molecular docking simulations indicated that these two compounds are able to anchor to the protein with binding modes and affinities similar to those found for statins, which represent mainstream medications against hypercholesterolemia. The overall results showed an interesting nutraceutical potential of Tacle, suggesting that its extract could be used for dietary supplementation in the treatment of moderate hypercholesterolemia. |
Author | Garofalo, Antonio Ioele, Giuseppina Perri, Maria Rosaria Statti, Giancarlo Occhiuzzi, Maria Antonietta Grande, Fedora Rizzuti, Bruno |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain 2 CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; bruno.rizzuti@cnr.it 1 Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; mariaantonietta.occhiuzzi@unical.it (M.A.O.); mariarosaria.perri@unical.it (M.R.P.); giuseppina.ioele@unical.it (G.I.); giancarlo.statti@unical.it (G.S.); antonio.garofalo@unical.it (A.G.) |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; bruno.rizzuti@cnr.it – name: 3 Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain – name: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ampl. Polifunzionale, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; mariaantonietta.occhiuzzi@unical.it (M.A.O.); mariarosaria.perri@unical.it (M.R.P.); giuseppina.ioele@unical.it (G.I.); giancarlo.statti@unical.it (G.S.); antonio.garofalo@unical.it (A.G.) |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fedora orcidid: 0000-0002-6154-4330 surname: Grande fullname: Grande, Fedora – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria Antonietta surname: Occhiuzzi fullname: Occhiuzzi, Maria Antonietta – sequence: 3 givenname: Maria Rosaria surname: Perri fullname: Perri, Maria Rosaria – sequence: 4 givenname: Giuseppina surname: Ioele fullname: Ioele, Giuseppina – sequence: 5 givenname: Bruno orcidid: 0000-0003-1110-764X surname: Rizzuti fullname: Rizzuti, Bruno – sequence: 6 givenname: Giancarlo surname: Statti fullname: Statti, Giancarlo – sequence: 7 givenname: Antonio surname: Garofalo fullname: Garofalo, Antonio |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.001 10.1093/nar/28.1.235 10.3390/foods8100522 10.3390/molecules25173891 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(19981115)19:14<1639::AID-JCC10>3.0.CO;2-B 10.1186/1758-2946-4-17 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104158 10.1080/11263504.2017.1330778 10.3390/molecules23040894 10.1056/NEJMoa1803917 10.1002/jcc.21334 10.1111/dom.13868 10.3390/molecules25245959 10.1038/s41569-018-0098-5 10.1039/D0FO03403G 10.1016/j.jada.2010.02.011 10.1136/bmj.a993 10.3390/molecules201119677 10.1056/NEJMoa1615758 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.030 10.1111/cpr.12020 10.1002/9780470742761 10.1186/gb-2004-5-11-248 10.3389/fphar.2019.01449 10.2165/00003088-200544050-00002 10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00134-7 10.3945/jn.110.124735 |
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Snippet | Tacle® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most... Tacle ® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most... |
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SubjectTerms | Aglycones anti-enzymatic assays Binding sites Biosynthesis Cholesterol Citrus fruits Communication Cross-breeding Cultivars Dietary supplements Enzymatic activity Enzymes flavanones Flavonoids Fruits Functional foods & nutraceuticals Glycosides Hesperidin Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase Hypercholesterolemia Investigations Molecular docking Naringenin Polyphenols Prescription drugs Proteins Reductases Statins Sterols |
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Title | Polyphenols from Citrus Tacle® Extract Endowed with HMGCR Inhibitory Activity: An Antihypercholesterolemia Natural Remedy |
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