Hyperalgesia and Central Sensitization in Subjects With Chronic Orofacial Pain: Analysis of Pain Thresholds and EEG Biomarkers
Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent cause of orofacial pain. When pain continues beyond tissue healing time it becomes chronic, and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describ...
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| Published in | Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 14; p. 552650 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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12.11.2020
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| Abstract | Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent cause of orofacial pain. When pain continues beyond tissue healing time it becomes chronic, and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics of patients with chronic orofacial pain, their peripheral pain threshold and EEG recording, looking for possible signs of central sensitization. Material and methods: Twenty four subjects with chronic orofacial pain caused by temporomandibular disorder were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I and Axis II. Pain intensity, catastrophizing and presence of central sensitization were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold was recorded in facial and peripheral sites; EEG activity was recorded during open and closed eyes resting state and also during the pain threshold assessment. Pain thresholds and EEG recordings were compared with a cohort of pain-free age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results: Patients with chronic orofacial pain showed a significant reduction in their pain threshold compared to healthy subjects in all sites assessed. Greater reduction in pain threshold was recorded in patients with more severe psychological symptoms. Decreased alpha and increased gamma activity was recorded in central and frontal regions of all subjects, although no significant differences were observed between groups. Discussion: A general reduction in pressure pain threshold was recorded in people who suffer from chronic orofacial pain. This result may be explained by sensitization of the central nervous system due to chronic pain conditions. Abnormal EEG activity was recorded during painful stimulation compared to the relaxed condition in both chronic orofacial pain subjects and healthy controls. |
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| AbstractList | Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent causes of orofacial pain (OFP). When pain continues beyond tissue healing time, it becomes chronic and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics of patients with chronic OFP, their peripheral pain threshold, and electroencephalography (EEG) recording, looking for possible signs of central sensitization (CS).Materials and methods: Twenty-four subjects with chronic OFP caused by temporomandibular disorder were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I and Axis II. Pain intensity, catastrophizing, and presence of CS were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was recorded in facial and peripheral sites; EEG activity was recorded during open and closed eyes resting state and also during the pain threshold assessment. Pain thresholds and EEG recordings were compared with a cohort of pain-free age- and sex-matched healthy subjects.Results: Patients with chronic OFP showed a significant reduction in their pain threshold compared to healthy subjects in all sites assessed. Greater reduction in pain threshold was recorded in patients with more severe psychological symptoms. Decreased alpha and increased gamma activity was recorded in central and frontal regions of all subjects, although no significant differences were observed between groups.Discussion: A general reduction in PPT was recorded in people who suffer from chronic OFP. This result may be explained by sensitization of the central nervous system due to chronic pain conditions. Abnormal EEG activity was recorded during painful stimulation compared to the relaxed condition in both chronic OFP subjects and healthy controls. Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent causes of orofacial pain (OFP). When pain continues beyond tissue healing time, it becomes chronic and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics of patients with chronic OFP, their peripheral pain threshold, and electroencephalography (EEG) recording, looking for possible signs of central sensitization (CS). Materials and methods: Twenty-four subjects with chronic OFP caused by temporomandibular disorder were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I and Axis II. Pain intensity, catastrophizing, and presence of CS were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was recorded in facial and peripheral sites; EEG activity was recorded during open and closed eyes resting state and also during the pain threshold assessment. Pain thresholds and EEG recordings were compared with a cohort of pain-free age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results: Patients with chronic OFP showed a significant reduction in their pain threshold compared to healthy subjects in all sites assessed. Greater reduction in pain threshold was recorded in patients with more severe psychological symptoms. Decreased alpha and increased gamma activity was recorded in central and frontal regions of all subjects, although no significant differences were observed between groups. Discussion: A general reduction in PPT was recorded in people who suffer from chronic OFP. This result may be explained by sensitization of the central nervous system due to chronic pain conditions. Abnormal EEG activity was recorded during painful stimulation compared to the relaxed condition in both chronic OFP subjects and healthy controls. Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent causes of orofacial pain (OFP). When pain continues beyond tissue healing time, it becomes chronic and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics of patients with chronic OFP, their peripheral pain threshold, and electroencephalography (EEG) recording, looking for possible signs of central sensitization (CS). Materials and methods: Twenty-four subjects with chronic OFP caused by temporomandibular disorder were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I and Axis II. Pain intensity, catastrophizing, and presence of CS were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was recorded in facial and peripheral sites; EEG activity was recorded during open and closed eyes resting state and also during the pain threshold assessment. Pain thresholds and EEG recordings were compared with a cohort of pain-free age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results: Patients with chronic OFP showed a significant reduction in their pain threshold compared to healthy subjects in all sites assessed. Greater reduction in pain threshold was recorded in patients with more severe psychological symptoms. Decreased alpha and increased gamma activity was recorded in central and frontal regions of all subjects, although no significant differences were observed between groups. Discussion: A general reduction in PPT was recorded in people who suffer from chronic OFP. This result may be explained by sensitization of the central nervous system due to chronic pain conditions. Abnormal EEG activity was recorded during painful stimulation compared to the relaxed condition in both chronic OFP subjects and healthy controls.Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent causes of orofacial pain (OFP). When pain continues beyond tissue healing time, it becomes chronic and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics of patients with chronic OFP, their peripheral pain threshold, and electroencephalography (EEG) recording, looking for possible signs of central sensitization (CS). Materials and methods: Twenty-four subjects with chronic OFP caused by temporomandibular disorder were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I and Axis II. Pain intensity, catastrophizing, and presence of CS were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was recorded in facial and peripheral sites; EEG activity was recorded during open and closed eyes resting state and also during the pain threshold assessment. Pain thresholds and EEG recordings were compared with a cohort of pain-free age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results: Patients with chronic OFP showed a significant reduction in their pain threshold compared to healthy subjects in all sites assessed. Greater reduction in pain threshold was recorded in patients with more severe psychological symptoms. Decreased alpha and increased gamma activity was recorded in central and frontal regions of all subjects, although no significant differences were observed between groups. Discussion: A general reduction in PPT was recorded in people who suffer from chronic OFP. This result may be explained by sensitization of the central nervous system due to chronic pain conditions. Abnormal EEG activity was recorded during painful stimulation compared to the relaxed condition in both chronic OFP subjects and healthy controls. Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent cause of orofacial pain. When pain continues beyond tissue healing time it becomes chronic, and may be caused, among other factors, by the sensitization of higher-order neurons. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics of patients with chronic orofacial pain, their peripheral pain threshold and EEG recording, looking for possible signs of central sensitization. Material and methods: Twenty four subjects with chronic orofacial pain caused by temporomandibular disorder were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I and Axis II. Pain intensity, catastrophizing and presence of central sensitization were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold was recorded in facial and peripheral sites; EEG activity was recorded during open and closed eyes resting state and also during the pain threshold assessment. Pain thresholds and EEG recordings were compared with a cohort of pain-free age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Results: Patients with chronic orofacial pain showed a significant reduction in their pain threshold compared to healthy subjects in all sites assessed. Greater reduction in pain threshold was recorded in patients with more severe psychological symptoms. Decreased alpha and increased gamma activity was recorded in central and frontal regions of all subjects, although no significant differences were observed between groups. Discussion: A general reduction in pressure pain threshold was recorded in people who suffer from chronic orofacial pain. This result may be explained by sensitization of the central nervous system due to chronic pain conditions. Abnormal EEG activity was recorded during painful stimulation compared to the relaxed condition in both chronic orofacial pain subjects and healthy controls. |
| Author | Buja, Sergio Straudi, Sofia Basaglia, Nino Severini, Giacomo Baroni, Andrea Borsato, Silvia |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy 3 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland 4 Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland 1 Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, Ferrara University , Ferrara , Italy |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy – name: 4 Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland – name: 1 Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, Ferrara University , Ferrara , Italy – name: 3 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andrea surname: Baroni fullname: Baroni, Andrea – sequence: 2 givenname: Giacomo surname: Severini fullname: Severini, Giacomo – sequence: 3 givenname: Sofia surname: Straudi fullname: Straudi, Sofia – sequence: 4 givenname: Sergio surname: Buja fullname: Buja, Sergio – sequence: 5 givenname: Silvia surname: Borsato fullname: Borsato, Silvia – sequence: 6 givenname: Nino surname: Basaglia fullname: Basaglia, Nino |
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| Copyright | 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright © 2020 Baroni, Severini, Straudi, Buja, Borsato and Basaglia. Copyright © 2020 Baroni, Severini, Straudi, Buja, Borsato and Basaglia. 2020 Baroni, Severini, Straudi, Buja, Borsato and Basaglia |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Edited by: Kazutaka Takahashi, University of Chicago, United States Reviewed by: Joel D. Greenspan, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States; Laura Petrini, Aalborg University, Denmark; César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain This article was submitted to Perception Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Snippet | Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent cause of orofacial pain. When pain continues beyond tissue healing time... Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent causes of orofacial pain (OFP). When pain continues beyond tissue... Introduction: The presence of a temporomandibular disorder is one of the most frequent causes of orofacial pain (OFP). When pain continues beyond tissue... |
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| SubjectTerms | Central nervous system central sensitization Chronic pain EEG Electroencephalography Hyperalgesia Medical research Neuroscience orofacial pain Pain Pain perception pain threshold Rehabilitation |
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| Title | Hyperalgesia and Central Sensitization in Subjects With Chronic Orofacial Pain: Analysis of Pain Thresholds and EEG Biomarkers |
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