Ultrathin two-dimensional superconductivity with strong spin–orbit coupling
We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the expected limit set by the interaction of electron spins with a magnetic field, that is, the Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. The epitaxial thin fi...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 113; no. 38; pp. 10513 - 10517 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
National Academy of Sciences
20.09.2016
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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Abstract | We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the expected limit set by the interaction of electron spins with a magnetic field, that is, the Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. The epitaxial thin films are classified as dirty-limit superconductors because their mean-free paths, which are limited by surface scattering, are smaller than their superconducting coherence lengths. The uniformity of superconductivity in these thin films is established by comparing scanning tunneling spectroscopy, scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, double-coil mutual inductance, and magneto-transport, data that provide average superfluid rigidity on length scales covering the range from microscopic to macroscopic. We argue that the survival of superconductivity at Zeeman energies much larger than the superconducting gap can be understood only as the consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling that, together with substrate-induced inversionsymmetry breaking, produces spin splitting in the normal-state energy bands that is much larger than the superconductor’s energy gap. |
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AbstractList | We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the expected limit set by the interaction of electron spins with a magnetic field, that is, the Clogston-Chandrasekhar limit. The epitaxial thin films are classified as dirty-limit superconductors because their mean-free paths, which are limited by surface scattering, are smaller than their superconducting coherence lengths. The uniformity of superconductivity in these thin films is established by comparing scanning tunneling spectroscopy, scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, double-coil mutual inductance, and magneto-transport, data that provide average superfluid rigidity on length scales covering the range from microscopic to macroscopic. We argue that the survival of superconductivity at Zeeman energies much larger than the superconducting gap can be understood only as the consequence of strong spin-orbit coupling that, together with substrate-induced inversion-symmetry breaking, produces spin splitting in the normal-state energy bands that is much larger than the superconductor's energy gap. Significance By studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the spin–orbit coupling-induced Rashba splitting is larger than the superconducting gap. The first quantitative determination of superfluid rigidity in nearly atomically thin 2D superconductors was performed using measurement that covers microscopic to macroscopic length scales to establish uniformity. The extraordinarily strong parallel critical fields were discovered, which is greatly in excess of the normal Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. Moreover, this remarkable behavior is theoretically explained as a consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling in 2D superconductors that are uniform but in the dirty limit. We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the expected limit set by the interaction of electron spins with a magnetic field, that is, the Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. The epitaxial thin films are classified as dirty-limit superconductors because their mean-free paths, which are limited by surface scattering, are smaller than their superconducting coherence lengths. The uniformity of superconductivity in these thin films is established by comparing scanning tunneling spectroscopy, scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, double-coil mutual inductance, and magneto-transport, data that provide average superfluid rigidity on length scales covering the range from microscopic to macroscopic. We argue that the survival of superconductivity at Zeeman energies much larger than the superconducting gap can be understood only as the consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling that, together with substrate-induced inversionsymmetry breaking, produces spin splitting in the normal-state energy bands that is much larger than the superconductor’s energy gap. Significance By studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the spin–orbit coupling-induced Rashba splitting is larger than the superconducting gap. The first quantitative determination of superfluid rigidity in nearly atomically thin 2D superconductors was performed using measurement that covers microscopic to macroscopic length scales to establish uniformity. The extraordinarily strong parallel critical fields were discovered, which is greatly in excess of the normal Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. Moreover, this remarkable behavior is theoretically explained as a consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling in 2D superconductors that are uniform but in the dirty limit. We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the expected limit set by the interaction of electron spins with a magnetic field, that is, the Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. The epitaxial thin films are classified as dirty-limit superconductors because their mean-free paths, which are limited by surface scattering, are smaller than their superconducting coherence lengths. The uniformity of superconductivity in these thin films is established by comparing scanning tunneling spectroscopy, scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, double-coil mutual inductance, and magneto-transport, data that provide average superfluid rigidity on length scales covering the range from microscopic to macroscopic. We argue that the survival of superconductivity at Zeeman energies much larger than the superconducting gap can be understood only as the consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling that, together with substrate-induced inversion-symmetry breaking, produces spin splitting in the normal-state energy bands that is much larger than the superconductor’s energy gap. By studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the spin–orbit coupling-induced Rashba splitting is larger than the superconducting gap. The first quantitative determination of superfluid rigidity in nearly atomically thin 2D superconductors was performed using measurement that covers microscopic to macroscopic length scales to establish uniformity. The extraordinarily strong parallel critical fields were discovered, which is greatly in excess of the normal Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. Moreover, this remarkable behavior is theoretically explained as a consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling in 2D superconductors that are uniform but in the dirty limit. We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the expected limit set by the interaction of electron spins with a magnetic field, that is, the Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit. The epitaxial thin films are classified as dirty-limit superconductors because their mean-free paths, which are limited by surface scattering, are smaller than their superconducting coherence lengths. The uniformity of superconductivity in these thin films is established by comparing scanning tunneling spectroscopy, scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, double-coil mutual inductance, and magneto-transport, data that provide average superfluid rigidity on length scales covering the range from microscopic to macroscopic. We argue that the survival of superconductivity at Zeeman energies much larger than the superconducting gap can be understood only as the consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling that, together with substrate-induced inversion-symmetry breaking, produces spin splitting in the normal-state energy bands that is much larger than the superconductor’s energy gap. |
Author | Zhang, Chendong Kratz, Philip A. Moler, Kathryn Kim, Jisun Adams, Philip W. MacDonald, Allan H. Nam, Hyoungdo Lemberger, Thomas R. Kirtley, John R. Liu, Tijiang Yong, Jie Shih, Chih-Kang Chen, Hua |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hyoungdo surname: Nam fullname: Nam, Hyoungdo organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 – sequence: 2 givenname: Hua surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Hua organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 – sequence: 3 givenname: Tijiang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Tijiang organization: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 – sequence: 4 givenname: Jisun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jisun organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 – sequence: 5 givenname: Chendong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Chendong organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 – sequence: 6 givenname: Jie surname: Yong fullname: Yong, Jie organization: Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas R. surname: Lemberger fullname: Lemberger, Thomas R. organization: Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 – sequence: 8 givenname: Philip A. surname: Kratz fullname: Kratz, Philip A. organization: Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 – sequence: 9 givenname: John R. surname: Kirtley fullname: Kirtley, John R. organization: Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 – sequence: 10 givenname: Kathryn surname: Moler fullname: Moler, Kathryn organization: Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 – sequence: 11 givenname: Philip W. surname: Adams fullname: Adams, Philip W. organization: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 – sequence: 12 givenname: Allan H. surname: MacDonald fullname: MacDonald, Allan H. organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 – sequence: 13 givenname: Chih-Kang surname: Shih fullname: Shih, Chih-Kang organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601678$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1321028$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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Copyright | Volumes 1–89 and 106–113, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles Copyright National Academy of Sciences Sep 20, 2016 |
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Keywords | Rashba Zeeman superconductivity spin–orbit coupling ultrathin film |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 USDOE FG02-08ER46533; FG02- 07ER46420 2Present address: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Contributed by Allan H. MacDonald, July 29, 2016 (sent for review March 21, 2016; reviewed by Eva Y. Andrei and Laura Greene) Author contributions: H.N., H.C., T.R.L., J.R.K., K.M., P.W.A., A.H.M., and C.-K.S. designed research; H.N., H.C., T.L., J.K., C.Z., J.Y., T.R.L., P.A.K., J.R.K., K.M., P.W.A., A.H.M., and C.-K.S. performed research; H.N., H.C., T.L., J.K., C.Z., J.Y., T.R.L., P.A.K., J.R.K., K.M., P.W.A., A.H.M., and C.-K.S. analyzed data; and H.N., H.C., T.R.L., J.R.K., K.M., P.W.A., A.H.M., and C.-K.S. wrote the paper. Reviewers: E.Y.A., Rutgers; and L.G., National Magnet Lab. 1Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. |
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Snippet | We report on a study of epitaxially grown ultrathin Pb films that are only a few atoms thick and have parallel critical magnetic fields much higher than the... Significance By studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the... Significance By studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the... By studying epitaxially grown Pb thin films, this paper explores a new regime in the physics of uniform 2D superconductivity, in which the spin–orbit... |
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SubjectTerms | Magnetic fields Physical Sciences Scattering Spectrum analysis Superconductivity Superconductors Thin films |
Title | Ultrathin two-dimensional superconductivity with strong spin–orbit coupling |
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