Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment

Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood 1 . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasin...

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Published inNature human behaviour Vol. 3; no. 6; pp. 576 - 586
Main Authors Belsky, Daniel W., Caspi, Avshalom, Arseneault, Louise, Corcoran, David L., Domingue, Benjamin W., Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Houts, Renate M., Mill, Jonathan S., Moffitt, Terrie E., Prinz, Joseph, Sugden, Karen, Wertz, Jasmin, Williams, Benjamin, Odgers, Candice L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2019
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
4014/2808
631/208
Adolescent
Adult
Behavioral Sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Clinical outcomes
Concentration
Educational attainment
Educational Status
England - epidemiology
Experimental Psychology
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Geography
Health behavior
Health problems
Health status
Health Surveys
High risk
Humans
Infant
Intervention
Letter
Life chances
Life Sciences
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Mental disorders
Mental health
Microeconomics
Mobility
Neighborhoods
Neurosciences
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity - genetics
Personality and Social Psychology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in Adolescence - genetics
Pregnancy in Adolescence - statistics & numerical data
Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data
Risk Assessment
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - epidemiology
Schizophrenia - genetics
Social inequality
Socioeconomic Factors
Teenage pregnancy
United States - epidemiology
Wales - epidemiology
Young Adult
Youth
England
United States
Wales
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood 1 . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographical inequalities 2 – 5 is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behaviour and social outcomes. Where neighbourhood effects are causal, neighbourhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighbourhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighbourhoods, interventions should instead target families or individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighbourhood-linked problems, we linked neighbourhood data with genetic, health and social outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighbourhoods, including genetic analysis of neighbourhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighbourhood gradients in obesity and mental health problems. By contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting that neighbourhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care. Data from a cohort of US and UK adolescents reveal that genetic and neighbourhood risks for early pregnancy and educational attainment are correlated, but find a weak or no correlation between risks for obesity or schizophrenia.
AbstractList Young people's life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographical inequalities is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behaviour and social outcomes. Where neighbourhood effects are causal, neighbourhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighbourhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighbourhoods, interventions should instead target families or individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighbourhood-linked problems, we linked neighbourhood data with genetic, health and social outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighbourhoods, including genetic analysis of neighbourhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighbourhood gradients in obesity and mental health problems. By contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting that neighbourhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care.
Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood1. Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographical inequalities2–5 is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behaviour and social outcomes. Where neighbourhood effects are causal, neighbourhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighbourhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighbourhoods, interventions should instead target families or individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighbourhood-linked problems, we linked neighbourhood data with genetic, health and social outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighbourhoods, including genetic analysis of neighbourhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighbourhood gradients in obesity and mental health problems. By contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting that neighbourhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care.Data from a cohort of US and UK adolescents reveal that genetic and neighbourhood risks for early pregnancy and educational attainment are correlated, but find a weak or no correlation between risks for obesity or schizophrenia.
Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood 1 . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographical inequalities 2 – 5 is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behaviour and social outcomes. Where neighbourhood effects are causal, neighbourhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighbourhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighbourhoods, interventions should instead target families or individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighbourhood-linked problems, we linked neighbourhood data with genetic, health and social outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighbourhoods, including genetic analysis of neighbourhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighbourhood gradients in obesity and mental health problems. By contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting that neighbourhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care. Data from a cohort of US and UK adolescents reveal that genetic and neighbourhood risks for early pregnancy and educational attainment are correlated, but find a weak or no correlation between risks for obesity or schizophrenia.
Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighborhood 1 . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes compared to children growing up in advantaged neighborhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographic inequalities 2 – 5 is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behavior, and social outcomes. Where neighborhood effects are causal, neighborhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighborhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighborhoods, interventions should instead target families/individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighborhood-linked problems, we linked neighborhood data with genetic, health, and social-outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health Studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen-pregnancy, and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighborhoods, including genetic analysis of neighborhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighborhood gradients in obesity and mental-health problems. In contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen-pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting neighborhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care.
Author Caspi, Avshalom
Arseneault, Louise
Corcoran, David L.
Domingue, Benjamin W.
Prinz, Joseph
Belsky, Daniel W.
Wertz, Jasmin
Moffitt, Terrie E.
Williams, Benjamin
Harris, Kathleen Mullan
Sugden, Karen
Odgers, Candice L.
Mill, Jonathan S.
Houts, Renate M.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University Box 104410, Durham NC, 27710, USA
4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC, USA
1 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
5 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Box 90338, Durham NC, 27710, USA
11 Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham NC 27705
9 Complex Disease Epigenetics Group, University of Exeter Medical School RILD Level 4 Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
8 Carolina Population Center and Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC
2 Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, NY USA
10 Department of Psychology & Social Behavior, University of California at Irvine Box 4556, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
6 MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s Col
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  email: codgers@uci.edu
  organization: Department of Psychological Science, University of California at Irvine, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University
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Author Contributions. DWB, AC, TEM, and CO designed the research. AC, TEM, LA, CO, and KMH collected the data. Data were analyzed by DWB, BWD, RH, DLC, and JP. All authors reviewed drafts and provided critical feedback and approved the final manuscript.
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pubmed_primary_30962612
springer_journals_10_1038_s41562_019_0562_1
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Nature human behaviour
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nat Hum Behav
PublicationTitleAlternate Nat Hum Behav
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
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Snippet Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood 1 . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse...
Young people's life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse...
Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood1. Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse...
Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighborhood 1 . Children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibit worse...
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SubjectTerms 4014/2808
631/208
Adolescent
Adult
Behavioral Sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Clinical outcomes
Concentration
Educational attainment
Educational Status
England - epidemiology
Experimental Psychology
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Geography
Health behavior
Health problems
Health status
Health Surveys
High risk
Humans
Infant
Intervention
Letter
Life chances
Life Sciences
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Mental disorders
Mental health
Microeconomics
Mobility
Neighborhoods
Neurosciences
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity - genetics
Personality and Social Psychology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in Adolescence - genetics
Pregnancy in Adolescence - statistics & numerical data
Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data
Risk Assessment
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - epidemiology
Schizophrenia - genetics
Social inequality
Socioeconomic Factors
Teenage pregnancy
United States - epidemiology
Wales - epidemiology
Young Adult
Youth
Title Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41562-019-0562-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30962612
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2369942845
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2206223555
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6565482
Volume 3
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