Exposure to hate in online and traditional media: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the impact of this exposure on individuals and communities

• Published in: Campbell systematic review Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. e70018 - n/a
• Main Authors: Madriaza, Pablo, Hassan, Ghayda, Brouillette‐Alarie, Sébastien, Mounchingam, Aoudou Njingouo, Durocher‐Corfa, Loïc, Borokhovski, Eugene, Pickup, David, Paillé, Sabrina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.03.2025; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Aggression; Attitude change; Behavior; Beliefs; Bullying; Bystanders; Change agents; Consensus; Data collection; Discrimination; Emotions; Ethnic Stereotypes; Evidence; exposure to hate; Extremism; Groups; Hate crimes; Hate speech; Hostility; impact assessment; Internet; Intervention; Life satisfaction; Mental depression; Meta Analysis; Methodological problems; Minority groups; Negative Attitudes; Policy making; Political attitudes; Political violence; Prejudice; Propaganda; Psychological aspects; Race; Racism; Religion; Rural areas; Sexual orientation; Social media; Social networks; Social Problems; Speech; Stereotypes; Suicide; Systematic review; Systematic Reviews; Variables; Victimization; Victims of Crime; Violence; Well Being; United Kingdom > UK; hate speech; meta‐analysis; systematic review; exposure to hate; impact assessment

The Problem People use social media platforms to chat, search, and share information, express their opinions, and connect with others. But these platforms also facilitate the posting of divisive, harmful, and hateful messages, targeting groups and individuals, based on their race, religion, gender,...