Advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, augmented and virtual reality in neurosurgery

Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past deca...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in surgery Vol. 10; p. 1241923
Main Authors Kazemzadeh, Kimia, Akhlaghdoust, Meisam, Zali, Alireza
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 24.08.2023
Subjects
artificial intelligence
augmented reality
neurosurgery
robotics
Surgery
virtual reality
robotics
augmented reality
virtual reality
neurosurgery
artificial intelligence
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past decade witnessed an appreciable escalation in the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery. AI holds significant potential in neurosurgery as it supplements the abilities of neurosurgeons to offer optimal interventional and non-interventional care to patients by improving prognostic and diagnostic outcomes in clinical therapy and assisting neurosurgeons in making decisions while surgical interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Other technologies including augmented reality, robotics, and virtual reality can assist and promote neurosurgical methods as well. Moreover, they play a significant role in generating, processing, as well as storing experimental and clinical data. Also, the usage of these technologies in neurosurgery is able to curtail the number of costs linked with surgical care and extend high-quality health care to a wider populace. This narrative review aims to integrate the results of articles that elucidate the role of the aforementioned technologies in neurosurgery.
AbstractList Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past decade witnessed an appreciable escalation in the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery. AI holds significant potential in neurosurgery as it supplements the abilities of neurosurgeons to offer optimal interventional and non-interventional care to patients by improving prognostic and diagnostic outcomes in clinical therapy and assisting neurosurgeons in making decisions while surgical interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Other technologies including augmented reality, robotics, and virtual reality can assist and promote neurosurgical methods as well. Moreover, they play a significant role in generating, processing, as well as storing experimental and clinical data. Also, the usage of these technologies in neurosurgery is able to curtail the number of costs linked with surgical care and extend high-quality health care to a wider populace. This narrative review aims to integrate the results of articles that elucidate the role of the aforementioned technologies in neurosurgery.
Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past decade witnessed an appreciable escalation in the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery. AI holds significant potential in neurosurgery as it supplements the abilities of neurosurgeons to offer optimal interventional and non-interventional care to patients by improving prognostic and diagnostic outcomes in clinical therapy and assisting neurosurgeons in making decisions while surgical interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Other technologies including augmented reality, robotics, and virtual reality can assist and promote neurosurgical methods as well. Moreover, they play a significant role in generating, processing, as well as storing experimental and clinical data. Also, the usage of these technologies in neurosurgery is able to curtail the number of costs linked with surgical care and extend high-quality health care to a wider populace. This narrative review aims to integrate the results of articles that elucidate the role of the aforementioned technologies in neurosurgery.Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past decade witnessed an appreciable escalation in the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery. AI holds significant potential in neurosurgery as it supplements the abilities of neurosurgeons to offer optimal interventional and non-interventional care to patients by improving prognostic and diagnostic outcomes in clinical therapy and assisting neurosurgeons in making decisions while surgical interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Other technologies including augmented reality, robotics, and virtual reality can assist and promote neurosurgical methods as well. Moreover, they play a significant role in generating, processing, as well as storing experimental and clinical data. Also, the usage of these technologies in neurosurgery is able to curtail the number of costs linked with surgical care and extend high-quality health care to a wider populace. This narrative review aims to integrate the results of articles that elucidate the role of the aforementioned technologies in neurosurgery.
Author Zali, Alireza
Kazemzadeh, Kimia
Akhlaghdoust, Meisam
AuthorAffiliation 4 USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
2 Network of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
3 Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
1 Students’ Scientific Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
– name: 1 Students’ Scientific Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
– name: 2 Network of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
– name: 4 USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kimia
  surname: Kazemzadeh
  fullname: Kazemzadeh, Kimia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Meisam
  surname: Akhlaghdoust
  fullname: Akhlaghdoust, Meisam
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Alireza
  surname: Zali
  fullname: Zali, Alireza
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37693641$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9Uk1r3DAQFSWlSbf5Az0UH3vIbvVl2T6VEPoRCPSSQw8FMZJGroLXSiV7Yf995OymJD0UBPqYN-_NjN5bcjLGEQl5z-hGiLb75POc-g2nXGwYl6zj4hU547xT67apf548O5-S85zvKKVMSKa4fENORaM6oSQ7I78u3Q5Gi7kKYwVpCj7YAEO5TTgMoccSu6hSNHEKNl9UMPdbLDFXweiqXUjTXNAJYQjTfuEYcU5xqQ3T_h157WHIeH7cV-T265fbq-_rmx_frq8ub9ZWqm5ae_TYNoz7hiKWZQSVVkk0TDSgauaprB0Y5qg1tQG3FN9YI5zkBo0SK3J9oHUR7vR9CltIex0h6MeHmHq9dGYH1N6xpmYUQXqUtJaF1QNI50EKxXhbuD4fuO5ns0VnS68JhhekLyNj-K37uNOMylbI8h0r8vHIkOKfGfOktyHbMkwYMc5Z81Yt42e8LtAPz8X-qjx9TwG0B4AtM80JvbZhginERTsMRVQvZtCPZtCLGfTRDCWV_5P6xP6fpAdSbbw5
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bas_2024_102836
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jocn_2025_111073
crossref_primary_10_1136_rapm_2024_105352
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10143_024_02908_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jocn_2025_111097
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10143_024_02469_y
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_51421
crossref_primary_10_3390_robotics13050069
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wneu_2024_04_048
crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm14020187
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_50942
crossref_primary_10_1080_07370016_2024_2436886
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_49723
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bj_2024_100822
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00604_024_06314_3
crossref_primary_10_3389_fsurg_2024_1427844
crossref_primary_10_46932_sfjdv5n12_090
crossref_primary_10_1186_s41747_024_00472_y
crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_70333
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_63219
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hest_2024_11_002
crossref_primary_10_1227_neuprac_0000000000000090
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wneu_2024_11_048
crossref_primary_10_32587_jnic_2023_00759
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_47924
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11060_024_04757_5
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_50316
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_76428
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bas_2024_102794
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_64697
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hest_2024_07_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wneu_2024_08_137
Cites_doi 10.1109/42.896784
10.1016/j.wneu.2012.07.013
10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.149
10.1308/rcsann.supp1.5
10.3390/jcm10040777
10.1097/MD.0000000000010970
10.1097/BRS.0000000000003193
10.5114/aoms.2016.58690
10.2196/29080
10.1227/NEU.0000000000000116
10.2147/VHRM.S46194
10.1007/s00268-015-3268-1
10.1007/s10143-017-0878-0
10.1016/j.jspd.2017.08.009
10.1002/jmri.24696
10.3171/2017.2.FOCUS1783
10.1155/2021/6894001
10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.023
10.1186/1472-6947-12-1
10.3390/jcm11010223
10.1007/s00464-015-4239-1
10.3171/2009.11.JNS09857
10.1038/s41591-019-0715-9
10.1007/s00701-021-04707-4
10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.029
10.3934/Neuroscience.2021025
10.21037/jss-21-14
10.1016/j.jocn.2018.12.036
10.1097/BRS.0000000000002442
10.3389/fsurg.2021.629963
10.1177/1553350612451354
10.1109/10.1354
10.1007/s10606-005-0989-y
10.1017/S1478951518000639
10.1148/radiol.14140770
10.1016/j.nec.2019.08.014
10.1001/jama.294.24.3135
10.1002/jmri.21815
10.1088/1741-2560/6/5/056001
10.1007/s11548-016-1478-0
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01452.x
10.20870/IJVR.1999.4.1.2662
10.3171/2009.2.JNS081334
10.1007/s11701-019-00994-3
10.21037/atm-20-1106
10.1080/02688697.2020.1773399
10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.058
10.3109/10929080500221626
10.1001/archsurg.139.2.170
10.1097/BRS.0000000000002116
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2236
10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.011
10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00068-7
10.3171/2017.2.FOCUS177
10.1097/00005373-200102000-00018
10.25259/SNI_522_2022
10.1007/s10548-016-0490-6
10.1159/000354816
10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.066
10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.24203.x
10.1038/s41395-018-0268-4
10.1227/00006123-199107000-00005
10.1308/rcsann.supp1.23
10.1055/s-0032-1333415
10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021089
10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.040
10.1097/BPO.0000000000001947
10.1016/j.spinee.2021.04.019
10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_440_19
10.1007/s00330-016-4653-3
10.3171/2013.7.SPINE12917
10.4103/2152-7806.151321
10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.002
10.1007/s10143-019-01163-8
10.1016/j.nec.2019.08.012
10.1109/MPULS.2019.2911808
10.1308/147870804290
10.1038/nature14539
10.2147/AMEP.S113565
10.3390/ijerph18199955
10.3171/2021.5.FOCUS21210
10.1007/s10143-014-0540-z
10.31616/asj.2019.0013
10.1093/jnci/djx055
10.4103/2152-7806.142777
10.1007/s11596-019-1992-8
10.14245/ns.1836248.124
10.3174/ajnr.A1037
10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827981fd
10.1007/s00464-018-6079-2
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali.
2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali. 2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali
Copyright_xml – notice: 2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali.
– notice: 2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali. 2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1241923
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef

MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 2296-875X
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_fd17510ea4fe4054ab1faa4dfa436128
PMC10483402
37693641
10_3389_fsurg_2023_1241923
Genre Journal Article
Review
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
9T4
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ACGFS
ACXDI
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BCNDV
CITATION
DIK
GROUPED_DOAJ
HYE
KQ8
M48
M~E
OK1
PGMZT
RPM
IPNFZ
NPM
RIG
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-fefe8712f70ee0eeb304c64eb137a651f045dab1d0cb5bad76937cb3d42beb63
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 2296-875X
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:23:22 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:36:29 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 14:42:06 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:01:54 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:51:06 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:08:02 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords robotics
augmented reality
virtual reality
neurosurgery
artificial intelligence
Language English
License 2023 Kazemzadeh, Akhlaghdoust and Zali.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c469t-fefe8712f70ee0eeb304c64eb137a651f045dab1d0cb5bad76937cb3d42beb63
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
Edited by: Mohammad Mofatteh, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom
Reviewed by: Bipin Chaurasia, Neurosurgery Clinic, Nepal Marco Mammi, S. Croce and Carle Cuneo Hospital, Italy Michael Young, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, United States
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/fd17510ea4fe4054ab1faa4dfa436128
PMID 37693641
PQID 2863769125
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_fd17510ea4fe4054ab1faa4dfa436128
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10483402
proquest_miscellaneous_2863769125
pubmed_primary_37693641
crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_fsurg_2023_1241923
crossref_primary_10_3389_fsurg_2023_1241923
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-08-24
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-08-24
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-08-24
  day: 24
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
PublicationTitle Frontiers in surgery
PublicationTitleAlternate Front Surg
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Verma (B103) 2017; 109
Arvind (B19) 2018; 15
Chiang (B25) 2015; 41
Deng (B97) 2014; 92
Peters (B40) 2018; 32
Chan (B92) 2021; 51
Emblem (B21) 2009; 30
Montemurro (B73) 2021; 18
Hollon (B32) 2020; 26
Fan (B55) 2018; 97
Fick (B74) 2021; 163
Mattei (B43) 2014; 37
Yamashita (B30) 2008; 29
Montemurro (B69) 2022; 11
Montemurro (B86) 2022; 36
Le Berre (B13) 2020; 158
Chang (B24) 2018; 24
Palmisciano (B101) 2020; 138
Lee (B49) 2021; 7
Wang (B45) 2017; 42
Bravo (B105) 2022; 14
Bardram (B35) 2005; 14
Pandya (B95) 2005; 10
Lee (B77) 2019; 62
B4
Pandya (B56) 2009; 111
Drouin (B76) 2017; 12
Mertz (B60) 2019; 10
Langreth (B67) 1994; 5
Higginbotham (B85) 2021; 8
Majmundar (B88) 2022; 158
Vardiman (B50) 2020; 14
Pelargos (B58) 2017; 35
Emblem (B22) 2015; 275
Montemurro (B90) 2016; 29
Kaptigau (B6) 2016; 40
Lüders (B31) 1998; 39
Abe (B99) 2013; 19
Sinha (B27) 2001; 50
Rughani (B29) 2010; 113
Qureshi (B3) 2018; 100
Novis (B33) 1997; 121
Kim (B20) 2018; 43
Mohammad (B62) 2019; 17
LeCun (B17) 2015; 521
Laratta (B48) 2018; 6
Kwoh (B38) 1988; 35
Ahmed (B46) 2018; 68
Danilov (B104) 2020; 12
Trybula (B42) 2020; 31
Malik (B11) 2019; 8
Inoue (B98) 2013; 74
Berg (B26) 2003; 44
Gal (B34) 2005; 294
Mosa (B36) 2012; 12
Rolston (B7) 2014; 5
Davies (B81) 1999; 4
Shuhaiber (B93) 2004; 139
Garcia-Palacios (B63) 2002; 40
Wise (B5) 2020; 368
Mofatteh (B8) 2021; 8
Madhavan (B59) 2017; 42
Weigl (B78) 2016; 30
B100
Lobel (B82) 2013; 73
Hooten (B79) 2014; 10
Mitha (B70) 2013; 72
Reider-Demer (B37) 2018; 41
Gao (B51) 2021; 2021
Buchlak (B106) 2020; 43
Sengupta (B75) 2020; 14
Peng (B53) 2020; 8
Drake (B39) 1991; 29
Burns (B1)
Ruffle (B15) 2019; 114
Tankus (B28) 2009; 6
Li (B54) 2020; 45
Lafage (B80) 2017; 42
Hamet (B10) 2017; 69
Linden (B52) 2021; 41
Hu (B65) 2019; 39
Konakondla (B89) 2017; 8
Joshi (B107) 2021; 21
Alexandra (B14) 2019
Barteit (B91) 2021; 9
Rudarakanchana (B71) 2015; 11
Kaul (B2) 2020; 92
Yu (B23) 2017; 27
Giglioli IA (B94) 2015; 2015
Elswick (B44) 2020; 31
Holmes (B9) 2004; 86
Fiani (B61) 2020; 141
Ramaswamy (B83) 2014
Wierzbicka (B68) 2021; 10
Tagaytayan (B96) 2018; 14
Lee (B84) 2012; 78
Singh (B47) 2022; 13
Sanne (B12) 2020
B16
Bonaci (B102) 2014
Senders (B18) 2018; 109
Liebig (B72) 2018; 49
Ponce (B87) 2016; 2016
Lane (B41) 2018; 100
Clarke (B64) 2013; 20
Sutherland (B57) 2015; 6
Edwards (B66) 2000; 19
References_xml – volume: 19
  start-page: 1082
  year: 2000
  ident: B66
  article-title: Design and evaluation of a system for microscope-assisted guided interventions (MAGI)
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Med Imaging
  doi: 10.1109/42.896784
– volume: 78
  start-page: 404
  year: 2012
  ident: B84
  article-title: Quantum computing: a prime modality in neurosurgery’s future
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.07.013
– volume: 14
  year: 2022
  ident: B105
  article-title: Robotics and artificial intelligence in endovascular neurosurgery
  publication-title: Cureus
– volume: 109
  start-page: 476
  year: 2018
  ident: B18
  article-title: Machine learning and neurosurgical outcome prediction: a systematic review
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.149
– volume: 100
  start-page: 5
  year: 2018
  ident: B41
  article-title: A short history of robotic surgery
  publication-title: Ann R Coll Surg Engl
  doi: 10.1308/rcsann.supp1.5
– volume: 10
  start-page: 777
  year: 2021
  ident: B68
  article-title: Otosurgery with the high-definition three-dimensional (3D) exoscope: advantages and disadvantages
  publication-title: J Clin Med
  doi: 10.3390/jcm10040777
– volume: 97
  year: 2018
  ident: B55
  article-title: Accuracy of pedicle screw placement comparing robot-assisted technology and the free-hand with fluoroscopy-guided method in spine surgery: an updated meta-analysis
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010970
– volume: 2015
  start-page: 862942
  year: 2015
  ident: B94
  article-title: Augmented reality: a brand new challenge for the assessment and treatment of psychological disorders
  publication-title: Comput Math Methods Med
– volume: 45
  start-page: E111
  year: 2020
  ident: B54
  article-title: Accuracy of pedicle screw placement and clinical outcomes of robot-assisted technique versus conventional freehand technique in spine surgery from nine randomized controlled trials: a meta-analysis
  publication-title: Spine
  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003193
– volume: 14
  start-page: 572
  year: 2018
  ident: B96
  article-title: Augmented reality in neurosurgery
  publication-title: Arch Med Sci
  doi: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58690
– volume: 9
  start-page: e29080
  year: 2021
  ident: B91
  article-title: Augmented, mixed, and virtual reality-based head-mounted devices for medical education: systematic review
  publication-title: JMIR Serious Games
  doi: 10.2196/29080
– volume: 73
  start-page: 57
  year: 2013
  ident: B82
  article-title: A novel craniotomy simulator provides a validated method to enhance education in the management of traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: Neurosurgery
  doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000116
– volume: 11
  start-page: 195
  year: 2015
  ident: B71
  article-title: Virtual reality simulation for the optimization of endovascular procedures: current perspectives
  publication-title: Vasc Health Risk Manag
  doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S46194
– volume: 40
  start-page: 251
  year: 2016
  ident: B6
  article-title: The establishment and development of neurosurgery services in Papua New Guinea
  publication-title: World J Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s00268-015-3268-1
– volume: 41
  start-page: 497
  year: 2018
  ident: B37
  article-title: Prospective and retrospective study of videoconference telemedicine follow-up after elective neurosurgery: results of a pilot program
  publication-title: Neurosurg Rev
  doi: 10.1007/s10143-017-0878-0
– volume: 6
  start-page: 130
  year: 2018
  ident: B48
  article-title: Accuracy of S2 alar-iliac screw placement under robotic guidance
  publication-title: Spine Deform
  doi: 10.1016/j.jspd.2017.08.009
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1689
  year: 2015
  ident: B25
  article-title: Computer-automated focus lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy using fMRI
  publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging
  doi: 10.1002/jmri.24696
– volume: 42
  start-page: E1
  year: 2017
  ident: B45
  article-title: Robotics in neurosurgery
  publication-title: Neurosurg Focus
  doi: 10.3171/2017.2.FOCUS1783
– volume: 2021
  year: 2021
  ident: B51
  article-title: Accuracy of robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw placement under regional anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2021/6894001
– volume: 158
  start-page: e577
  year: 2022
  ident: B88
  article-title: Telemedicine for endovascular neurosurgery consultation during the COVID-19 era: patient satisfaction survey
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.023
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: B36
  article-title: A systematic review of healthcare applications for smartphones
  publication-title: BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
  doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-12-1
– volume: 11
  start-page: 223
  year: 2022
  ident: B69
  article-title: The exoscope in neurosurgery: an overview of the current literature of intraoperative use in brain and spine surgery
  publication-title: J Clin Med
  doi: 10.3390/jcm11010223
– volume: 30
  start-page: 559
  year: 2016
  ident: B78
  article-title: Intra-operative disruptions, surgeon’s mental workload, and technical performance in a full-scale simulated procedure
  publication-title: Surg Endosc
  doi: 10.1007/s00464-015-4239-1
– volume: 113
  start-page: 585
  year: 2010
  ident: B29
  article-title: Use of an artificial neural network to predict head injury outcome
  publication-title: J Neurosurg
  doi: 10.3171/2009.11.JNS09857
– volume: 26
  start-page: 52
  year: 2020
  ident: B32
  article-title: Near real-time intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis using stimulated Raman histology and deep neural networks
  publication-title: Nat Med
  doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0715-9
– volume: 163
  start-page: 879
  year: 2021
  ident: B74
  article-title: Holographic patient tracking after bed movement for augmented reality neuronavigation using a head-mounted display
  publication-title: Acta Neurochir
  doi: 10.1007/s00701-021-04707-4
– volume: 138
  start-page: e627
  year: 2020
  ident: B101
  article-title: Attitudes of patients and their relatives toward artificial intelligence in neurosurgery
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.029
– volume: 8
  start-page: 477
  year: 2021
  ident: B8
  article-title: Neurosurgery and artificial intelligence
  publication-title: AIMS Neurosci
  doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2021025
– volume: 7
  start-page: 326
  year: 2021
  ident: B49
  article-title: The accuracy of robot-assisted S2 alar-iliac screw placement at two different healthcare centers
  publication-title: J Spine Surg
  doi: 10.21037/jss-21-14
– volume: 62
  start-page: 14
  year: 2019
  ident: B77
  article-title: Virtual reality and augmented reality in the management of intracranial tumors: a review
  publication-title: J Clin Neurosci
  doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.12.036
– volume: 43
  start-page: 853
  year: 2018
  ident: B20
  article-title: Examining the ability of artificial neural networks machine learning models to accurately predict complications following posterior lumbar spine fusion
  publication-title: Spine
  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002442
– volume: 8
  year: 2021
  ident: B85
  article-title: Virtual connections: improving global neurosurgery through immersive technologies
  publication-title: Front Surg
  doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.629963
– volume: 20
  start-page: 190
  year: 2013
  ident: B64
  article-title: Virtual reality simulator: demonstrated use in neurosurgical oncology
  publication-title: Surg Innov
  doi: 10.1177/1553350612451354
– year: 2014
  ident: B83
– volume: 35
  start-page: 153
  year: 1988
  ident: B38
  article-title: A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng
  doi: 10.1109/10.1354
– volume: 14
  start-page: 131
  year: 2005
  ident: B35
  article-title: Mobility work: the spatial dimension of collaboration at a hospital
  publication-title: Comput Support Coop Work
  doi: 10.1007/s10606-005-0989-y
– year: 2014
  ident: B102
– volume: 17
  start-page: 29
  year: 2019
  ident: B62
  article-title: Virtual reality as a distraction technique for pain and anxiety among patients with breast cancer: a randomized control trial
  publication-title: Palliat Support Care
  doi: 10.1017/S1478951518000639
– volume: 275
  start-page: 228
  year: 2015
  ident: B22
  article-title: A generic support vector machine model for preoperative glioma survival associations
  publication-title: Radiology
  doi: 10.1148/radiol.14140770
– volume: 31
  start-page: 121
  year: 2020
  ident: B42
  article-title: Robotic tissue manipulation and resection in spine surgery
  publication-title: Neurosurg Clin
  doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2019.08.014
– volume: 294
  start-page: 3135
  year: 2005
  ident: B34
  article-title: The 100-year anniversary of the description of the frozen section procedure
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.294.24.3135
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1
  year: 2009
  ident: B21
  article-title: Automatic glioma characterization from dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging: brain tumor segmentation using knowledge-based fuzzy clustering
  publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging
  doi: 10.1002/jmri.21815
– volume: 6
  start-page: 056001
  year: 2009
  ident: B28
  article-title: An automatic measure for classifying clusters of suspected spikes into single cells versus multiunits
  publication-title: J Neural Eng
  doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/5/056001
– volume: 12
  start-page: 363
  year: 2017
  ident: B76
  article-title: IBIS: an OR ready open-source platform for image-guided neurosurgery
  publication-title: Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s11548-016-1478-0
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1006
  year: 1998
  ident: B31
  article-title: Semiological seizure classification
  publication-title: Epilepsia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01452.x
– volume: 4
  start-page: 1
  year: 1999
  ident: B81
  article-title: A practical example using VR in the assessment of brain injury
  publication-title: Int J Virtual Real
  doi: 10.20870/IJVR.1999.4.1.2662
– volume: 111
  start-page: 1141
  year: 2009
  ident: B56
  article-title: Advancing neurosurgery with image-guided robotics
  publication-title: J Neurosurg
  doi: 10.3171/2009.2.JNS081334
– ident: B4
– volume: 14
  start-page: 409
  year: 2020
  ident: B50
  article-title: Pedicle screw accuracy in clinical utilization of minimally invasive navigated robot-assisted spine surgery
  publication-title: J Robot Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s11701-019-00994-3
– year: 2019
  ident: B14
– volume: 8
  year: 2020
  ident: B53
  article-title: Accuracy of robot-assisted versus conventional freehand pedicle screw placement in spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Ann Transl Med
  doi: 10.21037/atm-20-1106
– volume: 36
  start-page: 117
  year: 2022
  ident: B86
  article-title: Will COVID-19 change neurosurgical clinical practice?
  publication-title: Br J Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1773399
– volume: 158
  start-page: 76
  year: 2020
  ident: B13
  article-title: Application of artificial intelligence to gastroenterology and hepatology
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.058
– volume: 10
  start-page: 23
  year: 2005
  ident: B95
  article-title: Design, implementation and accuracy of a prototype for medical augmented reality
  publication-title: Comput Aided Surg
  doi: 10.3109/10929080500221626
– volume: 139
  start-page: 170
  year: 2004
  ident: B93
  article-title: Augmented reality in surgery
  publication-title: Arch Surg
  doi: 10.1001/archsurg.139.2.170
– volume: 42
  start-page: E1119
  year: 2017
  ident: B80
  article-title: Virtual modeling of postoperative alignment after adult spinal deformity surgery helps predict associations between compensatory spinopelvic alignment changes, overcorrection, and proximal junctional kyphosis
  publication-title: Spine
  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002116
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1073
  year: 2018
  ident: B24
  article-title: Residual convolutional neural network for the determination of IDH status in low-and high-grade gliomas from MR ImagingNeural network for determination of IDH status in gliomas
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2236
– volume: 69
  start-page: S36
  year: 2017
  ident: B10
  article-title: Artificial intelligence in medicine
  publication-title: Metab Clin Exp
  doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.011
– volume: 40
  start-page: 983
  year: 2002
  ident: B63
  article-title: Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: a controlled study
  publication-title: Behav Res Ther
  doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00068-7
– volume: 42
  start-page: E3
  year: 2017
  ident: B59
  article-title: Augmented-reality integrated robotics in neurosurgery: are we there yet?
  publication-title: Neurosurg Focus
  doi: 10.3171/2017.2.FOCUS177
– volume: 50
  start-page: 308
  year: 2001
  ident: B27
  article-title: Artificial neural network predicts CT scan abnormalities in pediatric patients with closed head injury
  publication-title: J Trauma Acute Care Surg
  doi: 10.1097/00005373-200102000-00018
– volume: 13
  year: 2022
  ident: B47
  article-title: Robotics in neurosurgery: current prevalence and future directions
  publication-title: Surg Neurol Int
  doi: 10.25259/SNI_522_2022
– volume: 29
  start-page: 561
  year: 2016
  ident: B90
  article-title: Right cortical and axonal structures eliciting ocular deviation during electrical stimulation mapping in awake patients
  publication-title: Brain Topogr
  doi: 10.1007/s10548-016-0490-6
– volume: 92
  start-page: 17
  year: 2014
  ident: B97
  article-title: Easy-to-use augmented reality neuronavigation using a wireless tablet PC
  publication-title: Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1159/000354816
– volume: 141
  start-page: 291
  year: 2020
  ident: B61
  article-title: Virtual reality in neurosurgery:”can you see it?”—a review of the current applications and future potential
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.066
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1425
  year: 2003
  ident: B26
  article-title: The multicenter study of epilepsy surgery: recruitment and selection for surgery
  publication-title: Epilepsia
  doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.24203.x
– volume: 68
  start-page: 258
  year: 2018
  ident: B46
  article-title: Robotics in neurosurgery: a literature review
  publication-title: J Pak Med Assoc
– volume: 114
  start-page: 422
  year: 2019
  ident: B15
  article-title: Artificial intelligence-assisted gastroenterology—promises and pitfalls
  publication-title: Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol
  doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0268-4
– ident: B1
– volume: 29
  start-page: 27
  year: 1991
  ident: B39
  article-title: Computer-and robot-assisted resection of thalamic astrocytomas in children
  publication-title: Neurosurgery
  doi: 10.1227/00006123-199107000-00005
– volume: 100
  start-page: 23
  year: 2018
  ident: B3
  article-title: Robotic oesophago-gastric cancer surgery
  publication-title: Ann R Coll Surg Engl
  doi: 10.1308/rcsann.supp1.23
– volume: 74
  start-page: 71
  year: 2013
  ident: B98
  article-title: Preliminary study on the clinical application of augmented reality neuronavigation
  publication-title: J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1333415
– ident: B16
– volume: 49
  start-page: e239
  year: 2018
  ident: B72
  article-title: Metric-based virtual reality simulation: a paradigm shift in training for mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke
  publication-title: Stroke
  doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021089
– volume: 92
  start-page: 807
  year: 2020
  ident: B2
  article-title: History of artificial intelligence in medicine
  publication-title: Gastrointest Endosc
  doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.040
– volume: 41
  start-page: 591
  year: 2021
  ident: B52
  article-title: Intraoperative use of robotics with navigation for pedicle screw placement in treatment of pediatric high-grade spondylolisthesis: a preliminary report
  publication-title: J Pediatr Orthop
  doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001947
– volume: 12
  start-page: 111
  year: 2020
  ident: B104
  article-title: Artificial intelligence technologies in neurosurgery: a systematic literature review using topic modeling. Part II: research objectives and perspectives
  publication-title: Современные технологии в медицине
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1626
  year: 2021
  ident: B107
  article-title: Artificial intelligence for adult spinal deformity: current state and future directions
  publication-title: Spine J
  doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.04.019
– volume: 8
  start-page: 2328
  year: 2019
  ident: B11
  article-title: Overview of artificial intelligence in medicine
  publication-title: J Family Med Prim Care
  doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_440_19
– volume: 27
  start-page: 3509
  year: 2017
  ident: B23
  article-title: Noninvasive IDH1 mutation estimation based on a quantitative radiomics approach for grade II glioma
  publication-title: Eur Radiol
  doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4653-3
– volume: 19
  start-page: 492
  year: 2013
  ident: B99
  article-title: A novel 3D guidance system using augmented reality for percutaneous vertebroplasty: technical note
  publication-title: J Neurosurg Spine
  doi: 10.3171/2013.7.SPINE12917
– volume: 6
  start-page: S1
  year: 2015
  ident: B57
  article-title: Robotics in the neurosurgical treatment of glioma
  publication-title: Surg Neurol Int
  doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.151321
– volume: 35
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: B58
  article-title: Utilizing virtual and augmented reality for educational and clinical enhancements in neurosurgery
  publication-title: J Clin Neurosci
  doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.002
– year: 2020
  ident: B12
– volume: 43
  start-page: 1235
  year: 2020
  ident: B106
  article-title: Machine learning applications to clinical decision support in neurosurgery: an artificial intelligence augmented systematic review
  publication-title: Neurosurg Rev
  doi: 10.1007/s10143-019-01163-8
– volume: 31
  start-page: 103
  year: 2020
  ident: B44
  article-title: Robotic-assisted spinal surgery: current generation instrumentation and new applications
  publication-title: Neurosurg Clin
  doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2019.08.012
– volume: 10
  start-page: 9
  year: 2019
  ident: B60
  article-title: Virtual reality pioneer tom furness on the past, present, and future of VR in health care
  publication-title: IEEE Pulse
  doi: 10.1109/MPULS.2019.2911808
– volume: 86
  start-page: 334
  year: 2004
  ident: B9
  article-title: Artificial intelligence in medicine
  publication-title: Ann R Coll Surg Engl
  doi: 10.1308/147870804290
– volume: 368
  year: 2020
  ident: B5
  article-title: Life as a neurosurgeon
  publication-title: Br Med J
– volume: 521
  start-page: 436
  year: 2015
  ident: B17
  article-title: Deep learning
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature14539
– volume: 121
  start-page: 559
  year: 1997
  ident: B33
  article-title: Interinstitutional comparison of frozen section turnaround time
  publication-title: Arch Pathol Lab Med
– volume: 8
  start-page: 465
  year: 2017
  ident: B89
  article-title: Simulation training in neurosurgery: advances in education and practice
  publication-title: Adv Med Educ Pract
  doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S113565
– volume: 18
  start-page: 9955
  year: 2021
  ident: B73
  article-title: Augmented reality-assisted craniotomy for parasagittal and convexity en plaque meningiomas and custom-made cranio-plasty: a preliminary laboratory report
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph18199955
– volume: 51
  start-page: E15
  year: 2021
  ident: B92
  article-title: A systematic review of virtual reality for the assessment of technical skills in neurosurgery
  publication-title: Neurosurg Focus
  doi: 10.3171/2021.5.FOCUS21210
– volume: 37
  start-page: 357
  year: 2014
  ident: B43
  article-title: Current state-of-the-art and future perspectives of robotic technology in neurosurgery
  publication-title: Neurosurg Rev
  doi: 10.1007/s10143-014-0540-z
– ident: B100
– volume: 10
  start-page: 576
  year: 2014
  ident: B79
  article-title: Mixed reality ventriculostomy simulation: experience in neurosurgical residency
  publication-title: Neurosurgery
– volume: 14
  start-page: 51
  year: 2020
  ident: B75
  article-title: Role of virtual reality in balance training in patients with spinal cord injury: a prospective comparative pre-post study
  publication-title: Asian Spine J
  doi: 10.31616/asj.2019.0013
– volume: 109
  start-page: djx055
  year: 2017
  ident: B103
  article-title: The rise of radiomics and implications for oncologic management
  publication-title: J Natl Cancer Inst
  doi: 10.1093/jnci/djx055
– volume: 5
  start-page: S435
  year: 2014
  ident: B7
  article-title: Medical errors in neurosurgery
  publication-title: Surg Neurol Int
  doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.142777
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: B65
  article-title: Application and prospect of mixed reality technology in medical field
  publication-title: Curr Med Sci
  doi: 10.1007/s11596-019-1992-8
– volume: 15
  start-page: 329
  year: 2018
  ident: B19
  article-title: Predicting surgical complications in adult patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using machine learning
  publication-title: Neurospine
  doi: 10.14245/ns.1836248.124
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1153
  year: 2008
  ident: B30
  article-title: Performance evaluation of radiologists with artificial neural network for differential diagnosis of intra-axial cerebral tumors on MR images
  publication-title: Am J Neuroradiol
  doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1037
– volume: 2016
  start-page: 4411
  year: 2016
  ident: B87
  article-title: Telemedicine with mobile devices and augmented reality for early postoperative care
  publication-title: Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
– volume: 72
  start-page: A107
  year: 2013
  ident: B70
  article-title: Simulation and augmented reality in endovascular neurosurgery: lessons from aviation
  publication-title: Neurosurgery
  doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827981fd
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1636
  year: 2018
  ident: B40
  article-title: Review of emerging surgical robotic technology
  publication-title: Surg Endosc
  doi: 10.1007/s00464-018-6079-2
– volume: 5
  start-page: 49
  year: 1994
  ident: B67
  article-title: Virtual reality: head mounted distress
  publication-title: Pop Sci
SSID ssj0001341624
Score 2.4238176
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 1241923
SubjectTerms artificial intelligence
augmented reality
neurosurgery
robotics
Surgery
virtual reality
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1bS8MwFA6yJ19E8VZvRPDNdeslTdvHKY4h6NOEPQghaZJZkE66zd_vOU03NhF9EfrUpm16Tprzfbl8h5CbNFIBUGnrs0QmPgPM4edJynwkYnkkdSYLHId8euajF_Y4SSYbqb5wTZiTB3aG61sNAS4MjGTWALhgUoVWSqatZDFE52abL8S8DTLVjK5A58wj5nbJAAvL-3a-rKc9TBbeg5CGuGYrEjWC_T-hzO-LJTeiz3Cf7LWwkQ5cdQ_IjqkOyevATeDPaVlR_BKnBkHLDZnNLq1naoZazF0ql9NGglNTWWn6Wda4d4QCakQojs9w4pZuo_QRGQ8fxvcjv82W4BdAcRe-NdYA-4lsGhgDh4oDVnAGfXGcSp6EFsCbBuvpoFCJkhqTIKaFijWLlFE8PiadalaZU0JVEUmeMsN0HgNbzHLJjQq01dwAfNTWI-HKcKJolcQxocW7AEaBxhaNsQUaW7TG9sjt-p4Pp6Pxa-k79Me6JGpgNyegZYi2ZYi_WoZHrlfeFPDP4ESIrMxsORdRxqFfzQHbeeTEeXf9KrwQcxZ6JNvy-1Zdtq9U5Vujyx2iPD_w8bP_qP052UWL4PB1xC5IZ1EvzSXgn4W6apr6F_aSBtw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, augmented and virtual reality in neurosurgery
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37693641
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2863769125
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10483402
https://doaj.org/article/fd17510ea4fe4054ab1faa4dfa436128
Volume 10
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3PS-QwFH64etnLorg_6q5DhL2tnW3TNG0PIqMoIuhJYQ4LJWkSHZDW7cyI_vf7XtoZHHEFoYe2SdPm5df3Jc33AH5mXEdIpV0oUpWGAjFHWKSZCImIFVyZXFU0D3lxKc-uxfk4Ha_Bwt1Rb8Dpq9SO_Eldt3fDx79Ph9jgD4hx4nj7203n7c2Q_IAPcbQiyPIBNvAko4Z60cN9P-eCXbb0fm45LyR2BOm420fzn2RWxiov6f8aDn35O-Wz8el0Ez71wJKNupqwBWu23oY_o26Jf8omNaNK0ulFsMkzIc591ja6IbXmfabmN16k0zBVG_YwaWl3CUNcSWCd0ujkL7ut1J_h6vTk6vgs7P0phBWS4FnorLPIj7jLImvx0EkkKimwt04yJdPYIbwzSscmqnSqlSE3iVmlEyO4tlomX2C9bmr7DZiuuJKZsMIUCfLJvFDS6sg4Iy0CTOMCiBeGK6tea5xcXtyVyDnI2KU3dknGLntjB_Br-cx9p7TxZuwjKo9lTFLJ9jcajNg3utIZBEdxZJVwFoGpwLw5pYRxSiSI7PIA9halWWKroqUSVdtmPi15LrHnLRD9BfC1K93lqyggkSIOIF8p95VvWQ2pJ7deuTsmAX9k7Dvvyut3-EiXNJPNxQ9Yn7Vzu4tQaKYHfgph4Gv5P2dSCU8
linkProvider Scholars Portal
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Advances+in+artificial+intelligence%2C+robotics%2C+augmented+and+virtual+reality+in+neurosurgery&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+surgery&rft.au=Kazemzadeh%2C+Kimia&rft.au=Akhlaghdoust%2C+Meisam&rft.au=Zali%2C+Alireza&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft.issn=2296-875X&rft.eissn=2296-875X&rft.volume=10&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffsurg.2023.1241923&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3389_fsurg_2023_1241923
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2296-875X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2296-875X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2296-875X&client=summon