Insights into innate immune cell evasion by Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis , is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4 + Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather t...
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| Published in | Frontiers in immunology Vol. 15; p. 1289644 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
2024
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | Chlamydia trachomatis
, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of
C. trachomatis
relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4
+
Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against
C. trachomatis
infection and reinfection rather than CD8
+
T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that
C. trachomatis
faces is the innate immune response. As the “sentry” of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove
C. trachomatis
. Dendritic cells present antigen of
C. trachomatis
to the “commanders” (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body’s “combat troops” and produce immunity against
C. trachomatis
in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of
C. trachomatis
. The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by
C. trachomatis
infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence,
C. trachomatis
has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how
C. trachomatis
evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of
C. trachomatis
infection. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Chlamydia trachomatis, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather than CD8+ T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that C. trachomatis faces is the innate immune response. As the "sentry" of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove C. trachomatis. Dendritic cells present antigen of C. trachomatis to the "commanders" (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body's "combat troops" and produce immunity against C. trachomatis in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of C. trachomatis. The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, C. trachomatis has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how C. trachomatis evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of C. trachomatis infection.Chlamydia trachomatis, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather than CD8+ T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that C. trachomatis faces is the innate immune response. As the "sentry" of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove C. trachomatis. Dendritic cells present antigen of C. trachomatis to the "commanders" (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body's "combat troops" and produce immunity against C. trachomatis in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of C. trachomatis. The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, C. trachomatis has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how C. trachomatis evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of C. trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis , is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4 + Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather than CD8 + T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that C. trachomatis faces is the innate immune response. As the “sentry” of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove C. trachomatis . Dendritic cells present antigen of C. trachomatis to the “commanders” (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body’s “combat troops” and produce immunity against C. trachomatis in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of C. trachomatis . The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, C. trachomatis has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how C. trachomatis evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of C. trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather than CD8+ T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that C. trachomatis faces is the innate immune response. As the “sentry” of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove C. trachomatis. Dendritic cells present antigen of C. trachomatis to the “commanders” (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body’s “combat troops” and produce immunity against C. trachomatis in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of C. trachomatis. The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, C. trachomatis has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how C. trachomatis evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of C. trachomatis infection. , is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4 Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against infection and reinfection rather than CD8 T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that faces is the innate immune response. As the "sentry" of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove . Dendritic cells present antigen of to the "commanders" (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body's "combat troops" and produce immunity against in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of . The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of infection. |
| Author | Li, Zhongyu Wu, Hongrong Fang, Chunxia Wang, Xinglv |
| AuthorAffiliation | Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China , Hengyang , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China , Hengyang , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xinglv surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xinglv – sequence: 2 givenname: Hongrong surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Hongrong – sequence: 3 givenname: Chunxia surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Chunxia – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhongyu surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhongyu |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38333214$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Chlamydia trachomatis immune evasion innate immunity innate immune cells survival and growth |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2024 Wang, Wu, Fang and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Roshan Pais, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India Edited by: Lei Song, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, China Reviewed by: Karthika Rajeeve, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, India |
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| Snippet | Chlamydia trachomatis
, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of
C. trachomatis
relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is... , is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4 Th1 cytokine... Chlamydia trachomatis, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is... |
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| SubjectTerms | CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia trachomatis Humans immune evasion Immunity, Innate Immunology innate immune cells innate immunity Interferon-gamma Lymphocytes - pathology survival and growth |
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| Title | Insights into innate immune cell evasion by Chlamydia trachomatis |
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