Recent Surge Behavior of Walsh Glacier Revealed by Remote Sensing Data
Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we used remote sensing data to reveal detailed glacier surge behavior, focusing on the recent surge at Walsh Glacier, which was reported to hav...
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| Published in | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 20; no. 3; p. 716 |
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| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we used remote sensing data to reveal detailed glacier surge behavior, focusing on the recent surge at Walsh Glacier, which was reported to have surged once in the 1960s. Glacial velocities were derived using a cross-correlation algorithm, and changes in the medial moraines were interpreted based on Landsat images. The digital elevation model (DEM) difference method was applied to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs to evaluate the surface elevation of the glacier. The results showed that the surge initiated near the conjunction of the eastern and northern branches, and then quickly spread downward. The surge period was almost three years, with an active phase of less than two years. The advancing speed of the surge front was much large than the maximum ice velocity of ≈14 m/d observed during the active phase. Summer speed-ups and a winter speed-up in ice velocity were observed from velocity data, with the speed-ups being more obvious during the active phase. Changes in the glacier velocity and the medial moraines suggested that the eastern branch was more affected by the surge. The DEM differencing results showed that the receiving zone thickened up to about 140 m, and the upstream reservoir zone became thinner. These surge behaviors, as characterized by remote sensing data, gave us more detailed insights into the surge dynamics of Walsh Glacier. |
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| AbstractList | Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we used remote sensing data to reveal detailed glacier surge behavior, focusing on the recent surge at Walsh Glacier, which was reported to have surged once in the 1960s. Glacial velocities were derived using a cross-correlation algorithm, and changes in the medial moraines were interpreted based on Landsat images. The digital elevation model (DEM) difference method was applied to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs to evaluate the surface elevation of the glacier. The results showed that the surge initiated near the conjunction of the eastern and northern branches, and then quickly spread downward. The surge period was almost three years, with an active phase of less than two years. The advancing speed of the surge front was much large than the maximum ice velocity of ≈14 m/d observed during the active phase. Summer speed-ups and a winter speed-up in ice velocity were observed from velocity data, with the speed-ups being more obvious during the active phase. Changes in the glacier velocity and the medial moraines suggested that the eastern branch was more affected by the surge. The DEM differencing results showed that the receiving zone thickened up to about 140 m, and the upstream reservoir zone became thinner. These surge behaviors, as characterized by remote sensing data, gave us more detailed insights into the surge dynamics of Walsh Glacier. Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we used remote sensing data to reveal detailed glacier surge behavior, focusing on the recent surge at Walsh Glacier, which was reported to have surged once in the 1960s. Glacial velocities were derived using a cross-correlation algorithm, and changes in the medial moraines were interpreted based on Landsat images. The digital elevation model (DEM) difference method was applied to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs to evaluate the surface elevation of the glacier. The results showed that the surge initiated near the conjunction of the eastern and northern branches, and then quickly spread downward. The surge period was almost three years, with an active phase of less than two years. The advancing speed of the surge front was much large than the maximum ice velocity of ≈14 m/d observed during the active phase. Summer speed-ups and a winter speed-up in ice velocity were observed from velocity data, with the speed-ups being more obvious during the active phase. Changes in the glacier velocity and the medial moraines suggested that the eastern branch was more affected by the surge. The DEM differencing results showed that the receiving zone thickened up to about 140 m, and the upstream reservoir zone became thinner. These surge behaviors, as characterized by remote sensing data, gave us more detailed insights into the surge dynamics of Walsh Glacier.Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we used remote sensing data to reveal detailed glacier surge behavior, focusing on the recent surge at Walsh Glacier, which was reported to have surged once in the 1960s. Glacial velocities were derived using a cross-correlation algorithm, and changes in the medial moraines were interpreted based on Landsat images. The digital elevation model (DEM) difference method was applied to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs to evaluate the surface elevation of the glacier. The results showed that the surge initiated near the conjunction of the eastern and northern branches, and then quickly spread downward. The surge period was almost three years, with an active phase of less than two years. The advancing speed of the surge front was much large than the maximum ice velocity of ≈14 m/d observed during the active phase. Summer speed-ups and a winter speed-up in ice velocity were observed from velocity data, with the speed-ups being more obvious during the active phase. Changes in the glacier velocity and the medial moraines suggested that the eastern branch was more affected by the surge. The DEM differencing results showed that the receiving zone thickened up to about 140 m, and the upstream reservoir zone became thinner. These surge behaviors, as characterized by remote sensing data, gave us more detailed insights into the surge dynamics of Walsh Glacier. |
| Author | Zhou, Jianmin Fu, Xiyou |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; fuxy@radi.ac.cn 2 College of Resoures and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 College of Resoures and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China – name: 1 Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; fuxy@radi.ac.cn |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiyou orcidid: 0000-0003-2936-2681 surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Xiyou – sequence: 2 givenname: Jianmin surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Jianmin |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012918$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_26441_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_021_04708_7 crossref_primary_10_5194_tc_15_4221_2021 crossref_primary_10_1029_2022JF006977 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rse_2021_112343 |
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| Keywords | Walsh Glacier remote sensing glacier velocity surge behavior surface elevation changes |
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| Snippet | Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we... |
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| SubjectTerms | Accuracy Algorithms glacier velocity Glaciers Remote sensing Sensors Software surface elevation changes surge behavior Velocity walsh glacier |
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| Title | Recent Surge Behavior of Walsh Glacier Revealed by Remote Sensing Data |
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