Imaging for Small UAV-Borne FMCW SAR

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 87
• Main Authors: Hu, Xianyang, Ma, Changzheng, Hu, Ruizhi, Yeo, Tat Soon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.12.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Algorithms; Azimuth; Cell adhesion & migration; Computer simulation; Continuous radiation; Entropy; FMCW; intra-pulse motion; Miniature aircraft; Motion compensation; Remote sensing; Signal processing; Squinted Azimuth-dependent PGA; UAV SAR; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Singapore; FMCW; UAV SAR; Squinted Azimuth-dependent PGA; intra-pulse motion
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19010087

Unmanned aerial vehicle borne frequency modulated continuous wave synthetic aperture radars are attracting more and more attention due to their low cost and flexible operation capacity, including the ability to capture images at different elevation angles for precise target identification. However, small unmanned aerial vehicles suffer from large trajectory deviation and severe range-azimuth coupling due to their simple navigational control and susceptibility to air turbulence. In this paper, we utilize the squint minimization technique to reduce this coupling while simultaneously eliminating intra-pulse motion-induced effects with an additional spectrum scaling. After which, the modified range doppler algorithm is derived for second order range compression and block-wise range cell migration correction. Raw data-based motion compensation is carried out with a doppler tracker. Squinted azimuth dependent phase gradient algorithm is employed to deal with azimuth dependent parameters and inexact deramping, with minimum entropy-based autofocusing algorithms. Finally, azimuth nonlinear chirp scaling is used for azimuth compression. Simulation and real data experiment results presented verify the effectiveness of the above signal processing approach.