Identification and pathogenicity of Alternaria and Fusarium species associated with bagged apple black spot disease in Shaanxi, China

Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, “bagged apple black spot disease,” has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It serio...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 15; p. 1457315
Main Authors Ding, Dandan, Shao, Yating, Zhao, Jirong, Lin, Jinshui, Zhang, Xiangqian, Wang, Xiukang, Xu, Xiangming, Xu, Chengnan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 12.09.2024
Subjects
Alternaria and Fusarium
apple
black spot disease
co-infection
Microbiology
pathogenicity
Alternaria and Fusarium
apple
pathogenicity
co-infection
black spot disease
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Abstract Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, “bagged apple black spot disease,” has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α ( EF1-α ), RNA polymerase II subunit B ( RPB2 ), endopolygalacturonase ( endo-PG ), and anonymous region OPA1-3. Alternaria alternata was the most abundant species (64%), followed by Fusarium acuminatum (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. F. acuminatum led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to A. alternata . This is the first report of Fusarium and Alternaria co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of F. acuminatum affecting apples. The optimal growth of A. alternata occurred at 25–30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of F. acuminatum occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.
AbstractList Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, “bagged apple black spot disease,” has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α ( EF1-α ), RNA polymerase II subunit B ( RPB2 ), endopolygalacturonase ( endo-PG ), and anonymous region OPA1-3. Alternaria alternata was the most abundant species (64%), followed by Fusarium acuminatum (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. F. acuminatum led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to A. alternata . This is the first report of Fusarium and Alternaria co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of F. acuminatum affecting apples. The optimal growth of A. alternata occurred at 25–30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of F. acuminatum occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.
Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, "bagged apple black spot disease," has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2), endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG), and anonymous region OPA1-3. Alternaria alternata was the most abundant species (64%), followed by Fusarium acuminatum (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. F. acuminatum led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to A. alternata. This is the first report of Fusarium and Alternaria co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of F. acuminatum affecting apples. The optimal growth of A. alternata occurred at 25-30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of F. acuminatum occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, "bagged apple black spot disease," has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2), endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG), and anonymous region OPA1-3. Alternaria alternata was the most abundant species (64%), followed by Fusarium acuminatum (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. F. acuminatum led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to A. alternata. This is the first report of Fusarium and Alternaria co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of F. acuminatum affecting apples. The optimal growth of A. alternata occurred at 25-30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of F. acuminatum occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.
Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, “bagged apple black spot disease,” has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2), endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG), and anonymous region OPA1-3. Alternaria alternata was the most abundant species (64%), followed by Fusarium acuminatum (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. F. acuminatum led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to A. alternata. This is the first report of Fusarium and Alternaria co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of F. acuminatum affecting apples. The optimal growth of A. alternata occurred at 25–30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of F. acuminatum occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.
Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, "bagged apple black spot disease," has occurred in the main apple production area of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, during the apple ripening season. It seriously affects the appearance quality and commercial value of apples. In this study, 120 isolates recovered from symptomatic apples were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α ( ), RNA polymerase II subunit B ( ), endopolygalacturonase ( ), and anonymous region was the most abundant species (64%), followed by (36%). Pathogenicity assays were conducted by inoculating them individually and together on detached apples (Venus Golden and Fuji varieties). The results showed that the two fungal species could infect apples individually and together. Co-infection enhanced the disease severity. led to increased severity and speed of disease development compared to . This is the first report of and co-infection causing apple black spot disease worldwide, and the first report of affecting apples. The optimal growth of occurred at 25-30°C and pH 7; the optimal growth of occurred at 25°C and pH 7. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence and epidemiology of apple black spot disease and strategies for its control.
Author Ding, Dandan
Xu, Chengnan
Xu, Xiangming
Shao, Yating
Zhang, Xiangqian
Wang, Xiukang
Lin, Jinshui
Zhao, Jirong
AuthorAffiliation 2 Pest and Pathogen Ecology, NIAB East Malling , West Malling , United Kingdom
1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Resource Plants on the Loess Plateau, Yan’an University , Yan’an , China
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Keywords Alternaria and Fusarium
apple
pathogenicity
co-infection
black spot disease
Language English
License Copyright © 2024 Ding, Shao, Zhao, Lin, Zhang, Wang, Xu and Xu.
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Ying Zhang, Beijing Forestry University, China
Reviewed by: Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Edited by: Xiao-qiong Zhu, China Agricultural University, China
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Snippet Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, “bagged apple...
Apple is an economically important fruit crop in northern Shaanxi Province in China. In recent years, a new type of apple black spot disease, "bagged apple...
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StartPage 1457315
SubjectTerms Alternaria and Fusarium
apple
black spot disease
co-infection
Microbiology
pathogenicity
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Title Identification and pathogenicity of Alternaria and Fusarium species associated with bagged apple black spot disease in Shaanxi, China
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39328915
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