Population Prevalence of Trachoma in Nine Rural Non-Indigenous Evaluation Units of Brazil

Purpose : To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Methods : Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey eval...

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Published inOphthalmic epidemiology Vol. ahead-of-print; no. ahead-of-print; pp. 1 - 10
Main Authors Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann, Lopes, Maria de Fátima Costa, Borges de Souza Junior, Paulo Roberto, Vaz Ferreira Gómez, Daniela, Luna, Expedito José de Albuquerque, da Silva de Almeida, Wanessa, Damacena, Giseli Nogueira, Ribeiro Favacho, Joana da Felidade, Germano de Frias, Paulo, Butcher, Robert, Boyd, Sarah, Bakhtiari, Ana, Willis, Rebecca, Jimenez, Cristina, Harding-Esch, Emma, Saboyá-Díaz, Martha Idalí, Solomon, Anthony W.
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LanguageEnglish
Published England Taylor & Francis 01.12.2023
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Abstract Purpose : To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Methods : Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged 1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. Results : A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. Conclusions : The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.
AbstractList Purpose : To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Methods : Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged 1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. Results : A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. Conclusions : The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.
Purpose : To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil’s non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Methods : Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged ≥ 1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation — follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. Results : A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. Conclusions : The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.
To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged 1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.
Author Luna, Expedito José de Albuquerque
Harding-Esch, Emma
Butcher, Robert
Solomon, Anthony W.
Saboyá-Díaz, Martha Idalí
Bakhtiari, Ana
Borges de Souza Junior, Paulo Roberto
Germano de Frias, Paulo
Vaz Ferreira Gómez, Daniela
Lopes, Maria de Fátima Costa
Jimenez, Cristina
Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann
Damacena, Giseli Nogueira
Boyd, Sarah
Ribeiro Favacho, Joana da Felidade
Willis, Rebecca
da Silva de Almeida, Wanessa
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crossref_primary_10_1093_trstmh_trad052
crossref_primary_10_1590_0037_8682_0207_2022
crossref_primary_10_1590_s1678_9946202264072
crossref_primary_10_26633_RPSP_2024_19
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Keywords prevalence
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neglected tropical diseases
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trichiasis
Brazil
Trachoma
elimination
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Snippet Purpose : To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease...
To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were...
Purpose : To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil’s non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease...
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StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Brazil
Brazil - epidemiology
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
elimination
Humans
Infant
neglected tropical diseases
Prevalence
Public Health
Trachoma
Trachoma - epidemiology
trichiasis
Trichiasis - epidemiology
Tropical Data
WASH
Title Population Prevalence of Trachoma in Nine Rural Non-Indigenous Evaluation Units of Brazil
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09286586.2021.1941127
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34711133
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10581672
Volume ahead-of-print
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