Unraveling the genomic reorganization of polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins in chickpea
Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall proteins that inhibit pathogen polygalacturonases (PGs). PGIPs, like other defense-related proteins, contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs), which are required for pathogen PG recognition. The importance of these PGIPs in plant...
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Published in | Frontiers in genetics Vol. 14; p. 1189329 |
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Abstract | Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall proteins that inhibit pathogen polygalacturonases (PGs). PGIPs, like other defense-related proteins, contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs), which are required for pathogen PG recognition. The importance of these PGIPs in plant defense has been well documented. This study focuses on chickpea (
) PGIPs (CaPGIPs) owing to the limited information available on this important crop. This study identified two novel CaPGIPs (CaPGIP3 and CaPGIP4) and computationally characterized all four CaPGIPs in the gene family, including the previously reported CaPGIP1 and CaPGIP2. The findings suggest that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 proteins possess N-terminal signal peptides, ten LRRs, theoretical molecular mass, and isoelectric points comparable to other legume PGIPs. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 amino acid sequences are similar to the other PGIPs reported in legumes. In addition, several cis-acting elements that are typical of pathogen response, tissue-specific activity, hormone response, and abiotic stress-related are present in the promoters of
,
, and
genes. Localization experiments showed that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 are located in the cell wall or membrane. Transcript levels of
,
, and
genes analyzed at untreated conditions show varied expression patterns analogous to other defense-related gene families. Interestingly, CaPGIP2 lacked a signal peptide, more than half of the LRRs, and other characteristics of a typical PGIP and subcellular localization indicated it is not located in the cell wall or membrane. The study's findings demonstrate CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4's similarity to other legume PGIPs and suggest they might possess the potential to combat chickpea pathogens. |
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AbstractList | Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall proteins that inhibit pathogen polygalacturonases (PGs). PGIPs, like other defense-related proteins, contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs), which are required for pathogen PG recognition. The importance of these PGIPs in plant defense has been well documented. This study focuses on chickpea (
Cicer arietinum
) PGIPs (CaPGIPs) owing to the limited information available on this important crop. This study identified two novel CaPGIPs (CaPGIP3 and CaPGIP4) and computationally characterized all four CaPGIPs in the gene family, including the previously reported CaPGIP1 and CaPGIP2. The findings suggest that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 proteins possess N-terminal signal peptides, ten LRRs, theoretical molecular mass, and isoelectric points comparable to other legume PGIPs. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 amino acid sequences are similar to the other PGIPs reported in legumes. In addition, several cis-acting elements that are typical of pathogen response, tissue-specific activity, hormone response, and abiotic stress-related are present in the promoters of
CaPGIP1
,
CaPGIP3
, and
CaPGIP4
genes. Localization experiments showed that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 are located in the cell wall or membrane. Transcript levels of
CaPGIP1
,
CaPGIP3
, and
CaPGIP4
genes analyzed at untreated conditions show varied expression patterns analogous to other defense-related gene families. Interestingly, CaPGIP2 lacked a signal peptide, more than half of the LRRs, and other characteristics of a typical PGIP and subcellular localization indicated it is not located in the cell wall or membrane. The study’s findings demonstrate CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4’s similarity to other legume PGIPs and suggest they might possess the potential to combat chickpea pathogens. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall proteins that inhibit pathogen polygalacturonases (PGs). PGIPs, like other defense-related proteins, contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs), which are required for pathogen PG recognition. The importance of these PGIPs in plant defense has been well documented. This study focuses on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) PGIPs (CaPGIPs) owing to the limited information available on this important crop. This study identified two novel CaPGIPs (CaPGIP3 and CaPGIP4) and computationally characterized all four CaPGIPs in the gene family, including the previously reported CaPGIP1 and CaPGIP2. The findings suggest that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 proteins possess N-terminal signal peptides, ten LRRs, theoretical molecular mass, and isoelectric points comparable to other legume PGIPs. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 amino acid sequences are similar to the other PGIPs reported in legumes. In addition, several cis-acting elements that are typical of pathogen response, tissue-specific activity, hormone response, and abiotic stress-related are present in the promoters of CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 genes. Localization experiments showed that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 are located in the cell wall or membrane. Transcript levels of CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 genes analyzed at untreated conditions show varied expression patterns analogous to other defense-related gene families. Interestingly, CaPGIP2 lacked a signal peptide, more than half of the LRRs, and other characteristics of a typical PGIP and subcellular localization indicated it is not located in the cell wall or membrane. The study’s findings demonstrate CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4’s similarity to other legume PGIPs and suggest they might possess the potential to combat chickpea pathogens. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall proteins that inhibit pathogen polygalacturonases (PGs). PGIPs, like other defense-related proteins, contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs), which are required for pathogen PG recognition. The importance of these PGIPs in plant defense has been well documented. This study focuses on chickpea ( ) PGIPs (CaPGIPs) owing to the limited information available on this important crop. This study identified two novel CaPGIPs (CaPGIP3 and CaPGIP4) and computationally characterized all four CaPGIPs in the gene family, including the previously reported CaPGIP1 and CaPGIP2. The findings suggest that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 proteins possess N-terminal signal peptides, ten LRRs, theoretical molecular mass, and isoelectric points comparable to other legume PGIPs. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 amino acid sequences are similar to the other PGIPs reported in legumes. In addition, several cis-acting elements that are typical of pathogen response, tissue-specific activity, hormone response, and abiotic stress-related are present in the promoters of , , and genes. Localization experiments showed that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 are located in the cell wall or membrane. Transcript levels of , , and genes analyzed at untreated conditions show varied expression patterns analogous to other defense-related gene families. Interestingly, CaPGIP2 lacked a signal peptide, more than half of the LRRs, and other characteristics of a typical PGIP and subcellular localization indicated it is not located in the cell wall or membrane. The study's findings demonstrate CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4's similarity to other legume PGIPs and suggest they might possess the potential to combat chickpea pathogens. |
Author | Ghogare, Rishikesh Vandemark, George Solanki, Shyam Wei, Wei Ellur, Vishnutej Chen, Weidong Brueggeman, Robert |
AuthorAffiliation | 6 Department of Crop and Soil Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , United States 2 Department of Plant Pathology , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , United States 1 Molecular Plant Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , United States 3 Department of Horticultural Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , United States 4 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science , South Dakota State University , Brookings , SD , United States 5 Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research , Pullman , WA , United States |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science , South Dakota State University , Brookings , SD , United States – name: 1 Molecular Plant Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , United States – name: 3 Department of Horticultural Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , United States – name: 6 Department of Crop and Soil Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , United States – name: 2 Department of Plant Pathology , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , United States – name: 5 Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research , Pullman , WA , United States |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vishnutej surname: Ellur fullname: Ellur, Vishnutej organization: Molecular Plant Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Wei organization: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Rishikesh surname: Ghogare fullname: Ghogare, Rishikesh organization: Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Shyam surname: Solanki fullname: Solanki, Shyam organization: Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: George surname: Vandemark fullname: Vandemark, George organization: Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research, Pullman, WA, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: Robert surname: Brueggeman fullname: Brueggeman, Robert organization: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States – sequence: 7 givenname: Weidong surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Weidong organization: Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research, Pullman, WA, United States |
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Keywords | leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) polygalacturonase inhibitory proteins (PGIPs) gene family subcellular localization defense-related gene promoter analysis biotic stress response constitutive gene expression |
Language | English |
License | Copyright © 2023 Ellur, Wei, Ghogare, Solanki, Vandemark, Brueggeman and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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Title | Unraveling the genomic reorganization of polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins in chickpea |
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