Native Wolbachia infection and larval competition stress shape fitness and West Nile virus infection in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes

transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility to infection with key pathogens and reduced likelihood those pathogens are transmitted to new hosts. Host-symbiont-virus interactions are less well understood in mosq...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 14; p. 1138476
Main Authors Alomar, Abdullah A., Pérez-Ramos, Daniel W., Kim, Dongmin, Kendziorski, Natalie L., Eastmond, Bradley H., Alto, Barry W., Caragata, Eric P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 15.03.2023
Subjects
Culex quinquefasciatus
fitness
larval competition
Microbiology
mosquito
West Nile virus
Wolbachia
larval competition
Wolbachia
West Nile virus
fitness
Culex quinquefasciatus
mosquito
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1664-302X
1664-302X
DOI10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138476

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Abstract transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility to infection with key pathogens and reduced likelihood those pathogens are transmitted to new hosts. Host-symbiont-virus interactions are less well understood in mosquitoes like , which naturally harbor , with pathogen blocking observed in some populations but not others, potentially due to innate differences in their load. In nature, mosquito larvae are often subject to developmental stresses associated with larval competition, which can lead to reduced body size and differential susceptibility to arbovirus infection. In this study, we sought to understand whether competition stress and infection in combine to impact host fitness and susceptibility to infection with West Nile virus. We reared -infected and uninfected larvae under three competition stress levels, increasing larval density without increasing the amount of food supplied. We then monitored larval development and survival, measured wing length and quantified density in adults, and then challenged mosquitoes from each treatment group orally with West Nile virus. We observed that high competition stress extended development time, decreased the likelihood of eclosion, decreased body size, and increased susceptibility to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. We also observed that infection reduced WNV load under low competition stress, and significantly improved the rate of survival for larval reared under higher competition stress. Consequently, our data suggest that native infection in has differential consequences for host fitness and susceptibility to WNV infection depending on competition stress.
AbstractList IntroductionWolbachia transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti are typically associated with pathogen blocking—reduced susceptibility to infection with key pathogens and reduced likelihood those pathogens are transmitted to new hosts. Host-symbiont-virus interactions are less well understood in mosquitoes like Culex quinquefasciatus, which naturally harbor Wolbachia, with pathogen blocking observed in some populations but not others, potentially due to innate differences in their Wolbachia load. In nature, mosquito larvae are often subject to developmental stresses associated with larval competition, which can lead to reduced body size and differential susceptibility to arbovirus infection.MethodsIn this study, we sought to understand whether competition stress and Wolbachia infection in Cx. quinquefasciatus combine to impact host fitness and susceptibility to infection with West Nile virus. We reared Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae under three competition stress levels, increasing larval density without increasing the amount of food supplied. We then monitored larval development and survival, measured wing length and quantified Wolbachia density in adults, and then challenged mosquitoes from each treatment group orally with West Nile virus.Results and DiscussionWe observed that high competition stress extended development time, decreased the likelihood of eclosion, decreased body size, and increased susceptibility to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. We also observed that Wolbachia infection reduced WNV load under low competition stress, and significantly improved the rate of survival for larval reared under higher competition stress. Consequently, our data suggest that native Wolbachia infection in Cx. quinquefasciatus has differential consequences for host fitness and susceptibility to WNV infection depending on competition stress.
transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility to infection with key pathogens and reduced likelihood those pathogens are transmitted to new hosts. Host-symbiont-virus interactions are less well understood in mosquitoes like , which naturally harbor , with pathogen blocking observed in some populations but not others, potentially due to innate differences in their load. In nature, mosquito larvae are often subject to developmental stresses associated with larval competition, which can lead to reduced body size and differential susceptibility to arbovirus infection. In this study, we sought to understand whether competition stress and infection in combine to impact host fitness and susceptibility to infection with West Nile virus. We reared -infected and uninfected larvae under three competition stress levels, increasing larval density without increasing the amount of food supplied. We then monitored larval development and survival, measured wing length and quantified density in adults, and then challenged mosquitoes from each treatment group orally with West Nile virus. We observed that high competition stress extended development time, decreased the likelihood of eclosion, decreased body size, and increased susceptibility to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. We also observed that infection reduced WNV load under low competition stress, and significantly improved the rate of survival for larval reared under higher competition stress. Consequently, our data suggest that native infection in has differential consequences for host fitness and susceptibility to WNV infection depending on competition stress.
Wolbachia transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility to infection with key pathogens and reduced likelihood those pathogens are transmitted to new hosts. Host-symbiont-virus interactions are less well understood in mosquitoes like Culex quinquefasciatus, which naturally harbor Wolbachia, with pathogen blocking observed in some populations but not others, potentially due to innate differences in their Wolbachia load. In nature, mosquito larvae are often subject to developmental stresses associated with larval competition, which can lead to reduced body size and differential susceptibility to arbovirus infection.IntroductionWolbachia transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility to infection with key pathogens and reduced likelihood those pathogens are transmitted to new hosts. Host-symbiont-virus interactions are less well understood in mosquitoes like Culex quinquefasciatus, which naturally harbor Wolbachia, with pathogen blocking observed in some populations but not others, potentially due to innate differences in their Wolbachia load. In nature, mosquito larvae are often subject to developmental stresses associated with larval competition, which can lead to reduced body size and differential susceptibility to arbovirus infection.In this study, we sought to understand whether competition stress and Wolbachia infection in Cx. quinquefasciatus combine to impact host fitness and susceptibility to infection with West Nile virus. We reared Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae under three competition stress levels, increasing larval density without increasing the amount of food supplied. We then monitored larval development and survival, measured wing length and quantified Wolbachia density in adults, and then challenged mosquitoes from each treatment group orally with West Nile virus.MethodsIn this study, we sought to understand whether competition stress and Wolbachia infection in Cx. quinquefasciatus combine to impact host fitness and susceptibility to infection with West Nile virus. We reared Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae under three competition stress levels, increasing larval density without increasing the amount of food supplied. We then monitored larval development and survival, measured wing length and quantified Wolbachia density in adults, and then challenged mosquitoes from each treatment group orally with West Nile virus.We observed that high competition stress extended development time, decreased the likelihood of eclosion, decreased body size, and increased susceptibility to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. We also observed that Wolbachia infection reduced WNV load under low competition stress, and significantly improved the rate of survival for larval reared under higher competition stress. Consequently, our data suggest that native Wolbachia infection in Cx. quinquefasciatus has differential consequences for host fitness and susceptibility to WNV infection depending on competition stress.Results and DiscussionWe observed that high competition stress extended development time, decreased the likelihood of eclosion, decreased body size, and increased susceptibility to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. We also observed that Wolbachia infection reduced WNV load under low competition stress, and significantly improved the rate of survival for larval reared under higher competition stress. Consequently, our data suggest that native Wolbachia infection in Cx. quinquefasciatus has differential consequences for host fitness and susceptibility to WNV infection depending on competition stress.
Author Eastmond, Bradley H.
Caragata, Eric P.
Kendziorski, Natalie L.
Alto, Barry W.
Pérez-Ramos, Daniel W.
Kim, Dongmin
Alomar, Abdullah A.
AuthorAffiliation Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Vero Beach, FL , United States
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Copyright Copyright © 2023 Alomar, Pérez-Ramos, Kim, Kendziorski, Eastmond, Alto and Caragata.
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Keywords larval competition
Wolbachia
West Nile virus
fitness
Culex quinquefasciatus
mosquito
Language English
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Edited by: Guillaume Minard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
Reviewed by: Alireza Chavshin, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Maria Onyango, Texas Tech University, United States
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SSID ssj0000402000
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Snippet transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility to infection with key...
Wolbachia transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti are typically associated with pathogen blocking-reduced susceptibility...
IntroductionWolbachia transinfections established in key mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti are typically associated with pathogen blocking—reduced...
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StartPage 1138476
SubjectTerms Culex quinquefasciatus
fitness
larval competition
Microbiology
mosquito
West Nile virus
Wolbachia
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Title Native Wolbachia infection and larval competition stress shape fitness and West Nile virus infection in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37007535
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2794696729
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10050331
https://doaj.org/article/637f80d78e594810b1805db5c24a593e
Volume 14
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