The Influence of Gene–Environment Interactions on the Development of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence

Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating fa...

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Published inCurrent psychiatry reports Vol. 14; no. 2; pp. 150 - 158
Main Author Enoch, Mary-Anne
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Current Science Inc 01.04.2012
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological
Alcoholism
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Disorders (Jf Cubells and Eb Binder
Genetic Variation
Humans
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology
Life Change Events
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology
Psychiatry
Risk Factors
Section Editors
Stress, Psychological - complications
Substance-Related Disorders - genetics
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Substance-Related Disorders - psychology
MAOA-LPR
Gene–environment interactions
Alcohol dependence
HPA axis
Cortisol
COMT
CRHR1
SLC6A4
CRHBP
Adolescent problem drinking
Sexual abuse
Cocaine dependence
GABRA2
Childhood maltreatment
Crossover of risk
KCNJ6
Dopamine
5-HTTLPR
Alcoholism
Differential susceptibility hypothesis
Stress circuitry
Corpus callosum
PER1
Reward pathway
Physical abuse
Drug dependence
Stressful life events
FKBP5
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating factors governing the availability of alcohol/drug are important. The risk–resilience balance for addiction may be due in part to the interaction between genetic variation and environment stressors (G × E); this has been confirmed by twin studies of inferred genetic risk. Measured genotype studies to detect G × E effects have used a range of alcohol consumption and diagnostic phenotypes and stressors ranging from early-life to adulthood past year life events. In this article, the current state of the field is critically reviewed and suggestions are put forth for future research.
AbstractList Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating factors governing the availability of alcohol/drug are important. The risk–resilience balance for addiction may be due in part to the interaction between genetic variation and environment stressors (G × E); this has been confirmed by twin studies of inferred genetic risk. Measured genotype studies to detect G × E effects have used a range of alcohol consumption and diagnostic phenotypes and stressors ranging from early-life to adulthood past year life events. In this article, the current state of the field is critically reviewed and suggestions are put forth for future research.
Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating factors governing the availability of alcohol/drug are important. The risk–resilience balance for addiction may be due in part to the interaction between genetic variation and environment stressors (G×E); this has been confirmed by twin studies of inferred genetic risk. Measured genotype studies to detect G×E effects have used a range of alcohol consumption and diagnostic phenotypes and stressors ranging from early-life to adulthood past year life events. In this article, the current state of the field is critically reviewed and suggestions are put forth for future research.
Author Enoch, Mary-Anne
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Issue 2
Keywords MAOA-LPR
Gene–environment interactions
Alcohol dependence
HPA axis
Cortisol
COMT
CRHR1
SLC6A4
CRHBP
Adolescent problem drinking
Sexual abuse
Cocaine dependence
GABRA2
Childhood maltreatment
Crossover of risk
KCNJ6
Dopamine
5-HTTLPR
Alcoholism
Differential susceptibility hypothesis
Stress circuitry
Corpus callosum
PER1
Reward pathway
Physical abuse
Drug dependence
Stressful life events
FKBP5
Language English
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PublicationTitle Current psychiatry reports
PublicationTitleAbbrev Curr Psychiatry Rep
PublicationTitleAlternate Curr Psychiatry Rep
PublicationYear 2012
Publisher Current Science Inc
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Current Science Inc
– name: Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally...
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StartPage 150
SubjectTerms Adaptation, Psychological
Alcoholism
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Disorders (Jf Cubells and Eb Binder
Genetic Variation
Humans
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology
Life Change Events
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology
Psychiatry
Risk Factors
Section Editors
Stress, Psychological - complications
Substance-Related Disorders - genetics
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Substance-Related Disorders - psychology
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Title The Influence of Gene–Environment Interactions on the Development of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence
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