Effect of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug atomoxetine on extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in several brain regions of the rat
Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefronta...
Saved in:
| Published in | Neuropharmacology Vol. 50; no. 6; pp. 755 - 760 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2006
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex, but unlike the psychostimulant methylphenidate, did not alter dopamine
EX in nucleus accumbens or striatum. Using the in vivo microdialysis technique in rat, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on norepinephrine
EX and dopamine
EX concentrations in several other brain regions and also evaluated the role of inhibitory autoreceptors on atomoxetine-induced increases of norepinephrine
EX concentrations. Atomoxetine (3
mg/kg i.p.) increased norepinephrine
EX robustly in prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting that norepinephrine
EX is increased throughout the brain by atomoxetine. In lateral hypothalamus and occipital cortex where dopamine
EX was quantifiable, atomoxetine did not increase dopamine
EX concentrations, in contrast to parallel increases of norepinephrine
EX and dopamine
EX in prefrontal cortex, indicating a unique effect in prefrontal cortex. Administration of the α
2-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan 1
h after atomoxetine resulted in increases in prefrontal cortical norepinephrine efflux greater than either compound alone, indicating an attenuating effect of the adrenergic autoreceptors on norepinephrine efflux. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex, but unlike the psychostimulant methylphenidate, did not alter dopamine sub(EX) in nucleus accumbens or striatum. Using the in vivo microdialysis technique in rat, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on norepinephrine sub(EX) and dopamine sub(EX) concentrations in several other brain regions and also evaluated the role of inhibitory autoreceptors on atomoxetine-induced increases of norepinephrine sub(EX) concentrations. Atomoxetine (3 mg/kg i.p.) increased norepinephrine sub(EX) robustly in prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting that norepinephrine sub(EX) is increased throughout the brain by atomoxetine. In lateral hypothalamus and occipital cortex where dopamine sub(EX) was quantifiable, atomoxetine did not increase dopamine sub(EX) concentrations, in contrast to parallel increases of norepinephrine sub(EX) and dopamine sub(EX) in prefrontal cortex, indicating a unique effect in prefrontal cortex. Administration of the alpha sub(2)-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan 1 h after atomoxetine resulted in increases in prefrontal cortical norepinephrine efflux greater than either compound alone, indicating an attenuating effect of the adrenergic autoreceptors on norepinephrine efflux. Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex, but unlike the psychostimulant methylphenidate, did not alter dopamine(EX) in nucleus accumbens or striatum. Using the in vivo microdialysis technique in rat, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on norepinephrine(EX) and dopamine(EX) concentrations in several other brain regions and also evaluated the role of inhibitory autoreceptors on atomoxetine-induced increases of norepinephrine(EX) concentrations. Atomoxetine (3mg/kg i.p.) increased norepinephrine(EX) robustly in prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting that norepinephrine(EX) is increased throughout the brain by atomoxetine. In lateral hypothalamus and occipital cortex where dopamine(EX) was quantifiable, atomoxetine did not increase dopamine(EX) concentrations, in contrast to parallel increases of norepinephrine(EX) and dopamine(EX) in prefrontal cortex, indicating a unique effect in prefrontal cortex. Administration of the alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan 1h after atomoxetine resulted in increases in prefrontal cortical norepinephrine efflux greater than either compound alone, indicating an attenuating effect of the adrenergic autoreceptors on norepinephrine efflux. Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex, but unlike the psychostimulant methylphenidate, did not alter dopamine(EX) in nucleus accumbens or striatum. Using the in vivo microdialysis technique in rat, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on norepinephrine(EX) and dopamine(EX) concentrations in several other brain regions and also evaluated the role of inhibitory autoreceptors on atomoxetine-induced increases of norepinephrine(EX) concentrations. Atomoxetine (3mg/kg i.p.) increased norepinephrine(EX) robustly in prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting that norepinephrine(EX) is increased throughout the brain by atomoxetine. In lateral hypothalamus and occipital cortex where dopamine(EX) was quantifiable, atomoxetine did not increase dopamine(EX) concentrations, in contrast to parallel increases of norepinephrine(EX) and dopamine(EX) in prefrontal cortex, indicating a unique effect in prefrontal cortex. Administration of the alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan 1h after atomoxetine resulted in increases in prefrontal cortical norepinephrine efflux greater than either compound alone, indicating an attenuating effect of the adrenergic autoreceptors on norepinephrine efflux.Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex, but unlike the psychostimulant methylphenidate, did not alter dopamine(EX) in nucleus accumbens or striatum. Using the in vivo microdialysis technique in rat, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on norepinephrine(EX) and dopamine(EX) concentrations in several other brain regions and also evaluated the role of inhibitory autoreceptors on atomoxetine-induced increases of norepinephrine(EX) concentrations. Atomoxetine (3mg/kg i.p.) increased norepinephrine(EX) robustly in prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting that norepinephrine(EX) is increased throughout the brain by atomoxetine. In lateral hypothalamus and occipital cortex where dopamine(EX) was quantifiable, atomoxetine did not increase dopamine(EX) concentrations, in contrast to parallel increases of norepinephrine(EX) and dopamine(EX) in prefrontal cortex, indicating a unique effect in prefrontal cortex. Administration of the alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan 1h after atomoxetine resulted in increases in prefrontal cortical norepinephrine efflux greater than either compound alone, indicating an attenuating effect of the adrenergic autoreceptors on norepinephrine efflux. Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have previously shown that atomoxetine increased extracellular (EX) concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex, but unlike the psychostimulant methylphenidate, did not alter dopamine EX in nucleus accumbens or striatum. Using the in vivo microdialysis technique in rat, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on norepinephrine EX and dopamine EX concentrations in several other brain regions and also evaluated the role of inhibitory autoreceptors on atomoxetine-induced increases of norepinephrine EX concentrations. Atomoxetine (3 mg/kg i.p.) increased norepinephrine EX robustly in prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting that norepinephrine EX is increased throughout the brain by atomoxetine. In lateral hypothalamus and occipital cortex where dopamine EX was quantifiable, atomoxetine did not increase dopamine EX concentrations, in contrast to parallel increases of norepinephrine EX and dopamine EX in prefrontal cortex, indicating a unique effect in prefrontal cortex. Administration of the α 2-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan 1 h after atomoxetine resulted in increases in prefrontal cortical norepinephrine efflux greater than either compound alone, indicating an attenuating effect of the adrenergic autoreceptors on norepinephrine efflux. |
| Author | Svensson, Kjell A. Swanson, Chad J. Perry, Kenneth W. Koch-Krueger, Susanne Bymaster, Frank P. Katner, Jason |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chad J. surname: Swanson fullname: Swanson, Chad J. organization: Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652-1431, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Kenneth W. surname: Perry fullname: Perry, Kenneth W. organization: Neuroscience Research Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Susanne surname: Koch-Krueger fullname: Koch-Krueger, Susanne organization: Biology Faculty, College of the Sequoias, Visalia, CA 93277, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Jason surname: Katner fullname: Katner, Jason organization: Neuroscience Research Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Kjell A. surname: Svensson fullname: Svensson, Kjell A. organization: Neuroscience Research Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Frank P. surname: Bymaster fullname: Bymaster, Frank P. email: frankbymaster@aol.com organization: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 8545 N CR 650 E, Brownsburg, IN 46112, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16427661$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNks1u3CAUhVGVqpmkfYWKVXd2wHgAbyq1UfojReome4ThOsPIBhfwKPNKecriTqJI3aQrdKXvnAvncIHOfPCAEKakpoTyq33tYYlh3uk41Q0h25rSmjTNG7ShUrBKEN6eoQ0hjaxYR-Q5ukhpTwhpJZXv0DnlbSM4pxv0eDMMYDIOA847wDpn8NkFjy0Mzrh8tTvOELXJ7uDyEVuXQrQQsY3LfaHDFB4gOw-4SOAhFxLGcRl1xCZ4U7yiXu3SusCHCHNh511cFdpbbMOsp3VwHic4lE0j7qMuU4T7Z916sWLzHr0d9Jjgw9N5ie6-3dxd_6huf33_ef3ltjIt73JFoW2B6R56TnvBemm2RDMurGTGslZK6JgQktAt4xSY7TkRpuuM6KimpGeX6NPJdo7h9wIpq8ml9VXaQ1iS4qIjgpHmVZAKKtpOtAX8-AQu_QRWzdFNOh7VcwsFkCfAxJBShOEFIWotXO3VS-FqLVxRqkrhRfr5H2kp7W_kJXk3_o_B15MBlEgPDqJKxkGpzrpYPoaywb1u8gd1aNMQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2012_06_021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2017_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pbb_2023_173618 crossref_primary_10_1517_17425255_2014_939955 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0176034 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ridd_2014_03_006 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2022_938501 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_12485 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ymgme_2019_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainres_2018_06_027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neures_2010_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_018_0116_3 crossref_primary_10_1080_00325481_2016_1221318 crossref_primary_10_1080_17512433_2017_1268916 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1755_5949_2010_00146_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fnbeh_2015_00034 crossref_primary_10_1586_14737175_7_4_351 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bcp_2007_01_036 crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881121991571 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awab142 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2125_2012_04474_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2009_08_007 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awu117 crossref_primary_10_1272_jnms_JNMS_2019_86_205 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules25235597 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijdevneu_2018_03_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2009_12_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2024_116766 crossref_primary_10_4137_CMPed_S7868 crossref_primary_10_1186_1744_859X_11_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_npp_1301278 crossref_primary_10_1196_annals_1417_025 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00702_021_02373_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_npp_1301315 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2016_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_10582450802161960 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291716001938 crossref_primary_10_1080_15321819_2013_792833 crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_6031478 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2021_659527 crossref_primary_10_4062_biomolther_2011_19_1_009 crossref_primary_10_1124_jpet_120_000037 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_011_2419_9 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD009804 crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhw262 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_urology_2015_05_006 crossref_primary_10_1038_npp_2015_212 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pnpbp_2011_12_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejphar_2019_02_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2018_01_017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_taap_2018_03_015 crossref_primary_10_1017_S1461145711001635 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21218048 crossref_primary_10_1038_npp_2013_163 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaacop_2024_01_003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_016_2345_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_32512_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2019_05_016 crossref_primary_10_1139_cjpp_2024_0128 crossref_primary_10_1097_WNF_0000000000000357 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43440_023_00459_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addicn_2023_100064 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2007_0389 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopsych_2024_10_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2012_05_040 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jns_2015_11_028 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2012_04_007 crossref_primary_10_2165_00002018_200831040_00008 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40474_019_00182_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2012_07_020 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_009_1558_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bpsc_2021_08_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2016_09_014 crossref_primary_10_1176_appi_focus_10_3_266 crossref_primary_10_1093_braincomms_fcae297 crossref_primary_10_1017_S1461145710000908 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pnpbp_2014_08_007 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1476_5381_2010_00707_x crossref_primary_10_2147_JEP_S433524 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_npp_1301487 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsif_2016_0902 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_3475_15_2016 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD013044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plefa_2006_07_010 crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881113519509 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_021_05883_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pbb_2008_03_016 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2013_3019 crossref_primary_10_1002_syn_21531 crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881106073219 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2019_10_040 crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881113482532 crossref_primary_10_30773_pi_2021_0207 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2013_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pnpbp_2012_08_012 crossref_primary_10_3349_ymj_2015_56_5_1365 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_011_2420_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbi_2018_01_004 crossref_primary_10_1017_S146114570800967X crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881112466182 crossref_primary_10_1248_bpb_33_617 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_013_3262_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s12013_022_01116_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2020_108273 crossref_primary_10_1089_cap_2014_0005 crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_4328015 crossref_primary_10_1177_0883073813513333 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_49609_9 crossref_primary_10_1089_cap_2015_0137 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0079476 crossref_primary_10_1248_yakushi_15_00283 crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881115602489 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbr_2017_03_034 crossref_primary_10_31363_2313_7053_2023_699 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_jcp_0000445185_90518_84 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1134_5934_07_73255_4 crossref_primary_10_1089_cap_2014_0038 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1010079 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_013_3343_y crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1468_1331_2010_03064_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2019_00340 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_aww128 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1005171 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbr_2018_02_022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2017_04_046 crossref_primary_10_1097_chi_0b013e31815d88b2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2021_780921 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejphar_2006_11_048 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jphs_2025_01_007 crossref_primary_10_1097_ADM_0b013e31826b767f crossref_primary_10_1124_jpet_106_109173 crossref_primary_10_1177_1087054717733044 crossref_primary_10_2165_11599630_000000000_00000 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2009_08_020 crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1151_4947 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom12101484 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2007_2058 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainres_2015_11_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejpn_2013_01_005 crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox9020176 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules23082072 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_008_1250_4 crossref_primary_10_1517_17460441_2011_547189 crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox9111039 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_euroneuro_2010_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02977335 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1742_7843_2008_00230_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s13311_012_0132_y crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1360_0443_2009_02791_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2010_03_046 crossref_primary_10_4103_1673_5374_235219 crossref_primary_10_3109_00207454_2015_1074226 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1476_5381_2011_01412_x |
| Cites_doi | 10.1038/sj.npp.1300593 10.1097/00004583-200009000-00022 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530080107018 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10192.x 10.1177/070674370200601S03 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08771.2002 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00377-9 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00346-9 10.1007/s002100000290 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702926 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006 10.1016/S0022-3565(24)37461-0 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1896 10.1126/science.2999977 10.1124/mol.56.1.154 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02697.1998 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.004 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199702)25:2<163::AID-SYN7>3.0.CO;2-A 10.1073/pnas.67.2.1063 10.1007/s002130050551 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.010 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90173-7 10.1097/00004583-199603000-00006 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02238.x 10.1007/s002100000334 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00192-4 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00053-4 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90069-N 10.1007/s002100100432 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00113-9 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05772.x 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830050084013 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.020 10.1176/ajp.156.6.891 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2005 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2005 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7TK 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology |
| EISSN | 1873-7064 |
| EndPage | 760 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 16427661 10_1016_j_neuropharm_2005_11_022 S0028390805004119 |
| Genre | Journal Article Comparative Study |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M -~X .55 .GJ .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29N 3O- 4.4 41~ 457 4G. 53G 5RE 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AABNK AACTN AADPK AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATCM AAXLA AAXUO ABCQJ ABFNM ABFRF ABIVO ABJNI ABMAC ABXDB ABYKQ ABZDS ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACIUM ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADIYS ADMUD AEBSH AEFWE AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGUBO AGWIK AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKRWK ALCLG ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AQVPL ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC C45 CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HMQ HMT HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W K-O KOM L7B M2V M34 M41 MO0 MOBAO N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OGGZJ OVD OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SCC SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SNS SPCBC SPT SSN SSP SSZ T5K TEORI WUQ X7M XOL ZGI ZXP ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKYEP ANKPU APXCP BNPGV CITATION SSH CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PKN 7TK 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-1e44e3abeb61b73b8c50a367d83cd3488e93778015361e3db607c99c791a10b3 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0028-3908 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 11 03:06:13 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 23:43:11 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 01:43:02 EST 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:51:17 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:53:29 EDT 2025 Tue Apr 02 10:07:21 EDT 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Keywords | Norepinephrine Dopamine Microdialysis Atomoxetine Transporter Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| Language | English |
| License | https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c469t-1e44e3abeb61b73b8c50a367d83cd3488e93778015361e3db607c99c791a10b3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 |
| PMID | 16427661 |
| PQID | 17174974 |
| PQPubID | 23462 |
| PageCount | 6 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_67907302 proquest_miscellaneous_17174974 pubmed_primary_16427661 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2005_11_022 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2005_11_022 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2005_11_022 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2006-05-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2006-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2006 text: 2006-05-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Neuropharmacology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Neuropharmacology |
| PublicationYear | 2006 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Giedd, Blumenthal, Molloy, Castellanos (bib16) 2001; 931 Hynd, Semrud-Clikeman, Lorys, Novey, Eliopulos (bib18) 1990; 47 Biederman, Faraone (bib6) 2002; 6 Lindvall, Bjorklund, Divac (bib22) 1978; 142 Michelson, Allen, Busner, Casat, Dunn, Kratochvil, Newcorn, Sallee, Sangal, Saylor, West, Kelsey, Wernicke, Trapp, Harder (bib24) 2002; 159 Rubia, Overmeyer, Taylor, Brammer, Williams, Simmons, Bullmore (bib28) 1999; 156 Altman, Trendelenburg, MacMillan, Bernstein, Limbird, Starke, Kobilka, Hein (bib1) 1999; 56 Dalley, Cardinal, Robbins (bib12) 2004; 28 Gehlert, Schober, Hemrick-Luecke, Krushinski, Howbert, Robertson, Fuller, Wong (bib15) 1995; 26 Koch, Perry, Nelson, Conway, Threlkeld, Bymaster (bib19) 2002; 27 Arnsten, Steere, Hunt (bib4) 1996; 53 Schneider, Kovelowski (bib31) 1990; 519 Wee, Woolverton (bib36) 2004; 75 Franowicz, Kessler, Borja, Kobilka, Limbird, Arnsten (bib13) 2002; 22 Gasior, Bergman, Kallman, Paronis (bib14) 2005; 30 Blier, Pineyro, el Mansari, Bergeron, de Montigny (bib8) 1998; 861 Ma, Arnsten, Li (bib23) 2005; 57 Arnsten (bib2) 2000; 39 Rueter, De Montigny, Blier (bib27) 1998; 285 Biederman (bib5) 2005; 57 Scheibner, Trendelenburg, Hein, Starke (bib32) 2001; 364 Soucy, Mrini, Lafaille, Doucet, Descarries (bib34) 1997; 25 Biederman, Spencer (bib7) 1999; 46 Bymaster, Katner, Nelson, Hemrick-Luecke, Threlkeld, Heiligenstein, Morin, Gehlert, Perry (bib9) 2002; 27 Czachura, Rasmussen (bib11) 2000; 362 Pliszka, McCracken, Maas (bib26) 1996; 35 Zametkin, Rapoport (bib38) 1987 Arnsten, Goldman-Rakic (bib3) 1985; 230 Li, Perry, Wong, Bymaster (bib21) 1998; 136 Sesack, Hawrylak, Matus, Guido, Levey (bib33) 1998; 18 Wong, Threlkeld, Best, Bymaster (bib37) 1982; 222 Paxinos, Watson (bib25) 1986 Sacchetti, Bernini, Gobbi, Parini, Pirona, Mennini, Samanin (bib29) 2001; 363 Sacchetti, Bernini, Bianchetti, Parini, Invernizzi, Saminin (bib30) 1999; 128 Valentini, Frau, Di Chiara (bib35) 2004; 88 Castellanos, Giedd, Marsh, Hamburger, Vaituzis, Dickstein, Sarfatti, Vauss, Snell, Lange, Kaysen, Krain, Ritchie, Rajapakse, Rapoport (bib10) 1996; 53 Heil, Holmes, Bickel, Higgins, Badger, Laws, Faries (bib17) 2002; 67 Leibowitz (bib20) 1970; 67 Arnsten (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib4) 1996; 53 Bymaster (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib9) 2002; 27 Pliszka (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib26) 1996; 35 Lindvall (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib22) 1978; 142 Czachura (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib11) 2000; 362 Biederman (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib7) 1999; 46 Zametkin (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib38) 1987 Heil (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib17) 2002; 67 Ma (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib23) 2005; 57 Sesack (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib33) 1998; 18 Hynd (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib18) 1990; 47 Sacchetti (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib30) 1999; 128 Schneider (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib31) 1990; 519 Franowicz (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib13) 2002; 22 Gehlert (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib15) 1995; 26 Rueter (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib27) 1998; 285 Biederman (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib5) 2005; 57 Soucy (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib34) 1997; 25 Blier (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib8) 1998; 861 Giedd (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib16) 2001; 931 Li (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib21) 1998; 136 Altman (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib1) 1999; 56 Arnsten (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib3) 1985; 230 Castellanos (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib10) 1996; 53 Gasior (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib14) 2005; 30 Dalley (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib12) 2004; 28 Michelson (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib24) 2002; 159 Sacchetti (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib29) 2001; 363 Paxinos (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib25) 1986 Arnsten (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib2) 2000; 39 Leibowitz (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib20) 1970; 67 Wong (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib37) 1982; 222 Biederman (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib6) 2002; 6 Rubia (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib28) 1999; 156 Wee (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib36) 2004; 75 Scheibner (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib32) 2001; 364 Koch (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib19) 2002; 27 Valentini (10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib35) 2004; 88 |
| References_xml | – volume: 363 start-page: 66 year: 2001 end-page: 72 ident: bib29 article-title: Chronic treatment with desipramine facilitates its effect on extracellular noradrenaline in the rat hippocampus: studies on the role of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors publication-title: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. – volume: 18 start-page: 2697 year: 1998 end-page: 2708 ident: bib33 article-title: Dopamine axon varicosities in the prelimbic division of the rat prefrontal cortex exhibit sparse immunoreactivity for the dopamine transporter publication-title: J. Neurosci. – volume: 159 start-page: 1896 year: 2002 end-page: 1901 ident: bib24 article-title: Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study publication-title: Am. J. Psychiatry – volume: 47 start-page: 919 year: 1990 end-page: 926 ident: bib18 article-title: Brain morphology in developmental dyslexia and attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity publication-title: Arch. Neurol. – volume: 142 start-page: 1 year: 1978 end-page: 24 ident: bib22 article-title: Organization of catecholamine neurons projecting to the frontal cortex in the rat publication-title: Brain Res. – volume: 230 start-page: 1273 year: 1985 end-page: 1276 ident: bib3 article-title: Alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive decline in aged nonhuman primates publication-title: Science – volume: 67 start-page: 1063 year: 1970 end-page: 1070 ident: bib20 article-title: Reciprocal hunger-regulating circuits involving alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors located, respectively, in the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. – volume: 156 start-page: 891 year: 1999 end-page: 896 ident: bib28 article-title: Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: a study with functional MRI publication-title: Am. J. Psychiatry – volume: 39 start-page: 201 year: 2000 end-page: 203 ident: bib2 article-title: Genetics of childhood disorders: XVIII. ADHD, part. 2: norepinephrine has a critical modulatory influence on prefrontal cortical function publication-title: J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry – volume: 519 start-page: 122 year: 1990 end-page: 128 ident: bib31 article-title: Chronic exposure to low doses of MPTP. I. Cognitive deficits in motor asymptomatic monkeys publication-title: Brain Res. – volume: 53 start-page: 607 year: 1996 end-page: 616 ident: bib10 article-title: Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry – volume: 35 start-page: 264 year: 1996 end-page: 272 ident: bib26 article-title: Catecholamines in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current perspectives publication-title: J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry – volume: 28 start-page: 771 year: 2004 end-page: 784 ident: bib12 article-title: Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates publication-title: Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. – volume: 53 start-page: 448 year: 1996 end-page: 455 ident: bib4 article-title: The contribution of alpha-2 noradrenergic mechanisms of prefrontal cortical cognitive function: potential significance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry – volume: 30 start-page: 758 year: 2005 end-page: 764 ident: bib14 article-title: Evaluation of the reinforcing effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors under a concurrent schedule of food and i.v. drug delivery in rhesus monkeys publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacology – volume: 222 start-page: 61 year: 1982 end-page: 65 ident: bib37 article-title: A new inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake devoid of affinity for receptors in rat brain publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. – start-page: 837 year: 1987 end-page: 847 ident: bib38 article-title: Noradrenergic hypothesis of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a critical review publication-title: Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress – volume: 57 start-page: 1215 year: 2005 end-page: 1220 ident: bib5 article-title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a selective overview publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry – volume: 27 start-page: 949 year: 2002 end-page: 959 ident: bib19 article-title: R-fluoxetine increases extracellular DA, NE, as well as 5-HT in rat prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus: an in vivo microdialysis and receptor binding study publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacology – volume: 362 start-page: 266 year: 2000 end-page: 275 ident: bib11 article-title: Effects of acute and chronic administration of fluoxetine on the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat publication-title: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. – volume: 75 start-page: 271 year: 2004 end-page: 276 ident: bib36 article-title: Evaluation of the reinforcing effects of atomoxetine in monkeys: comparison to methylphenidate and desipramine publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend. – volume: 26 start-page: 47 year: 1995 end-page: 52 ident: bib15 article-title: Novel halogenated analogs of tomoxetine that are potent and selective inhibitors of norepinephrine uptake in brain publication-title: Neurochem. Int. – volume: 46 start-page: 1234 year: 1999 end-page: 1242 ident: bib7 article-title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a noradrenergic disorder publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry – volume: 27 start-page: 699 year: 2002 end-page: 711 ident: bib9 article-title: Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacology – volume: 128 start-page: 1332 year: 1999 end-page: 1338 ident: bib30 article-title: Studies on the acute and chronic effects of reboxetine on extracellular noradrenaline and other monoamines in the rat brain publication-title: Br. J. Pharmacol. – volume: 931 start-page: 33 year: 2001 end-page: 49 ident: bib16 article-title: Brain imaging of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. – volume: 25 start-page: 163 year: 1997 end-page: 175 ident: bib34 article-title: Comparative evaluation of [3H]WIN 35428 and [3H]GBR 12935 as markers of dopamine innervation density in brain publication-title: Synapse – volume: 22 start-page: 8771 year: 2002 end-page: 8777 ident: bib13 article-title: Mutation of the alpha2A-adrenoceptor impairs working memory performance and annuls cognitive enhancement by guanfacine publication-title: J. Neurosci. – volume: 88 start-page: 917 year: 2004 end-page: 927 ident: bib35 article-title: Noradrenaline transporter blockers raise extracellular dopamine in medial prefrontal but not parietal and occipital cortex: differences with mianserin and clozapine publication-title: J. Neurochem. – volume: 364 start-page: 321 year: 2001 end-page: 328 ident: bib32 article-title: Stimulation frequency-noradrenaline release relationships examined in alpha2A-, alpha2B- and alpha2C-adrenoceptor-deficient mice publication-title: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. – year: 1986 ident: bib25 article-title: The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates – volume: 285 start-page: 404 year: 1998 end-page: 412 ident: bib27 article-title: Electrophysiological characterization of the effect of long-term duloxetine administration on the rat serotonergic and noradrenergic systems publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. – volume: 861 start-page: 204 year: 1998 end-page: 216 ident: bib8 article-title: Role of somatodendritic 5-HT autoreceptors in modulating 5-HT neurotransmission publication-title: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. – volume: 56 start-page: 154 year: 1999 end-page: 161 ident: bib1 article-title: Abnormal regulation of the sympathetic nervous system in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor knockout mice publication-title: Mol. Pharmacol. – volume: 67 start-page: 149 year: 2002 end-page: 156 ident: bib17 article-title: Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend. – volume: 136 start-page: 153 year: 1998 end-page: 161 ident: bib21 article-title: Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum publication-title: Psychopharmacology – volume: 6 start-page: S7 year: 2002 end-page: S16 ident: bib6 article-title: Current concepts on the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: J. Atten. Disord. – volume: 57 start-page: 192 year: 2005 end-page: 195 ident: bib23 article-title: Locomotor hyperactivity induced by blockade of prefrontal cortical alpha2-adrenoceptors in monkeys publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry – volume: 30 start-page: 758 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib14 article-title: Evaluation of the reinforcing effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors under a concurrent schedule of food and i.v. drug delivery in rhesus monkeys publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacology doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300593 – volume: 39 start-page: 201 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib2 article-title: Genetics of childhood disorders: XVIII. ADHD, part. 2: norepinephrine has a critical modulatory influence on prefrontal cortical function publication-title: J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry doi: 10.1097/00004583-200009000-00022 – volume: 47 start-page: 919 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib18 article-title: Brain morphology in developmental dyslexia and attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity publication-title: Arch. Neurol. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530080107018 – year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib25 – volume: 861 start-page: 204 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib8 article-title: Role of somatodendritic 5-HT autoreceptors in modulating 5-HT neurotransmission publication-title: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10192.x – volume: 6 start-page: S7 issue: Suppl. 1 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib6 article-title: Current concepts on the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: J. Atten. Disord. doi: 10.1177/070674370200601S03 – volume: 22 start-page: 8771 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib13 article-title: Mutation of the alpha2A-adrenoceptor impairs working memory performance and annuls cognitive enhancement by guanfacine publication-title: J. Neurosci. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08771.2002 – volume: 27 start-page: 949 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib19 article-title: R-fluoxetine increases extracellular DA, NE, as well as 5-HT in rat prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus: an in vivo microdialysis and receptor binding study publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacology doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00377-9 – volume: 27 start-page: 699 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib9 article-title: Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacology doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00346-9 – volume: 362 start-page: 266 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib11 article-title: Effects of acute and chronic administration of fluoxetine on the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat publication-title: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1007/s002100000290 – volume: 128 start-page: 1332 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib30 article-title: Studies on the acute and chronic effects of reboxetine on extracellular noradrenaline and other monoamines in the rat brain publication-title: Br. J. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702926 – volume: 28 start-page: 771 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib12 article-title: Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates publication-title: Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006 – volume: 285 start-page: 404 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib27 article-title: Electrophysiological characterization of the effect of long-term duloxetine administration on the rat serotonergic and noradrenergic systems publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3565(24)37461-0 – volume: 159 start-page: 1896 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib24 article-title: Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study publication-title: Am. J. Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1896 – volume: 230 start-page: 1273 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib3 article-title: Alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive decline in aged nonhuman primates publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.2999977 – volume: 56 start-page: 154 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib1 article-title: Abnormal regulation of the sympathetic nervous system in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor knockout mice publication-title: Mol. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1124/mol.56.1.154 – volume: 53 start-page: 607 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib10 article-title: Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 – volume: 18 start-page: 2697 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib33 article-title: Dopamine axon varicosities in the prelimbic division of the rat prefrontal cortex exhibit sparse immunoreactivity for the dopamine transporter publication-title: J. Neurosci. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02697.1998 – volume: 57 start-page: 192 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib23 article-title: Locomotor hyperactivity induced by blockade of prefrontal cortical alpha2-adrenoceptors in monkeys publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.004 – volume: 25 start-page: 163 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib34 article-title: Comparative evaluation of [3H]WIN 35428 and [3H]GBR 12935 as markers of dopamine innervation density in brain publication-title: Synapse doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199702)25:2<163::AID-SYN7>3.0.CO;2-A – volume: 67 start-page: 1063 year: 1970 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib20 article-title: Reciprocal hunger-regulating circuits involving alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors located, respectively, in the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.1063 – volume: 136 start-page: 153 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib21 article-title: Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum publication-title: Psychopharmacology doi: 10.1007/s002130050551 – volume: 75 start-page: 271 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib36 article-title: Evaluation of the reinforcing effects of atomoxetine in monkeys: comparison to methylphenidate and desipramine publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.010 – volume: 142 start-page: 1 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib22 article-title: Organization of catecholamine neurons projecting to the frontal cortex in the rat publication-title: Brain Res. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90173-7 – volume: 35 start-page: 264 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib26 article-title: Catecholamines in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current perspectives publication-title: J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry doi: 10.1097/00004583-199603000-00006 – volume: 88 start-page: 917 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib35 article-title: Noradrenaline transporter blockers raise extracellular dopamine in medial prefrontal but not parietal and occipital cortex: differences with mianserin and clozapine publication-title: J. Neurochem. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02238.x – volume: 363 start-page: 66 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib29 article-title: Chronic treatment with desipramine facilitates its effect on extracellular noradrenaline in the rat hippocampus: studies on the role of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors publication-title: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1007/s002100000334 – volume: 46 start-page: 1234 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib7 article-title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a noradrenergic disorder publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00192-4 – volume: 67 start-page: 149 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib17 article-title: Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend. doi: 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00053-4 – volume: 519 start-page: 122 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib31 article-title: Chronic exposure to low doses of MPTP. I. Cognitive deficits in motor asymptomatic monkeys publication-title: Brain Res. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90069-N – volume: 364 start-page: 321 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib32 article-title: Stimulation frequency-noradrenaline release relationships examined in alpha2A-, alpha2B- and alpha2C-adrenoceptor-deficient mice publication-title: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1007/s002100100432 – volume: 26 start-page: 47 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib15 article-title: Novel halogenated analogs of tomoxetine that are potent and selective inhibitors of norepinephrine uptake in brain publication-title: Neurochem. Int. doi: 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00113-9 – volume: 931 start-page: 33 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib16 article-title: Brain imaging of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05772.x – start-page: 837 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib38 article-title: Noradrenergic hypothesis of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a critical review – volume: 222 start-page: 61 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib37 article-title: A new inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake devoid of affinity for receptors in rat brain publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. – volume: 53 start-page: 448 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib4 article-title: The contribution of alpha-2 noradrenergic mechanisms of prefrontal cortical cognitive function: potential significance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830050084013 – volume: 57 start-page: 1215 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib5 article-title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a selective overview publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.020 – volume: 156 start-page: 891 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022_bib28 article-title: Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: a study with functional MRI publication-title: Am. J. Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.6.891 |
| SSID | ssj0004818 |
| Score | 2.2770839 |
| Snippet | Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine transporters and is currently being used in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 755 |
| SubjectTerms | Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors - pharmacology Analysis of Variance Animals Atomoxetine Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Brain - drug effects Dopamine Dopamine - metabolism Extracellular Space - drug effects Male Microdialysis Microdialysis - methods Norepinephrine Norepinephrine - metabolism Propylamines - pharmacology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Time Factors Transporter |
| Title | Effect of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug atomoxetine on extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in several brain regions of the rat |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16427661 https://www.proquest.com/docview/17174974 https://www.proquest.com/docview/67907302 |
| Volume | 50 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1La9wwEBYhvfRS-m76SHUoOcVdayXrQU8hNGxbCDlsITcjWeN2y8Ze9gHNpT-ov7IztlzTw0Kgx11mvPJqNA_xzTeMvZMRnb51NtN5iJkKYLMQtM781E-diVEU0AFkL_Xsq_p8XVwfsPOhF4Zglcn39z6989bpm0n6NyerxYJ6fDE0Osx4CiKN6qg_lTJk5e9_jTAPZYUdmJhJOqF5eoxXxxm5Io7o_naF-Dyn030hal8K2oWii4fsQcoh-Vm_zEfsAJrH7OSqJ6G-PeXzsadqc8pP-NVIT337hP3uCYt5W3NM_jjxa3aIRx6B2CS2k-9Ymna9UzRWgsdEz8njevcNpdub9ie1SQNHFfTsKAnLJYFZeUUtkE3i4d3QDzTtGlYoixZDGr6JPGKVfkMfFg3HV6YrMR5oTgWnGRFJjxaGj3nK5hcf5-ezLE1syCoss7eZAKVA-gBBi2BksFWRe6lNtLKKEn0FYDZkMCgWUguQMejcVM5Vxgkv8iCfscOmbeAF47X3aCkOtIi1krX1EnIZoYjaxtqpcMTMsEdlldjMaajGshxgaz_KcXdp2GaBxU6Ju3vExF_NVc_ocQedD4MZlP9YZ4mB5w7abwfLKfHw0q74BtrdphRYTCus6PZLaOPICeMznvcmN64ZK0eDB-3lf63tFbvfXyoRhPM1O9yud_AG06xtOO7O0TG7d_bpy-zyD9-mL60 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELZKOcCl4k3Loz5ATw0bx4kdC3FAQLWlpephkXqz7NiBRdsk2odgL_wgjvxCZhKHiMNKlVCPWXkcb2Y847G--YaQF9yB089VHonYuii1Po-sFSIyiUmUdI5lvgXInonx5_TjRXaxRX73tTAIqwy-v_PprbcOv4zC1xw10ynW-EJoVHDiyZA0iqmArDzx6--Qty3eHL8HJb9MkqMPk3fjKLQWiArIB5cR82nqubHeCmYlt3mRxYYL6XJeOA5G7SFsS_DeGRfMc2dFLAulCqmYYbHlMO0NcjMFb4FdE179HGAlac7ynvkZVxfQQx2mrOWobJCTurvNQf7QJNkUEjcdedvQd3SH7IQzK33bfZa7ZMtX98jBeUd6vT6kk6GGa3FID-j5QIe9vk9-dQTJtC4pHDYp8nm2CEvqPLJXLEdfIRVua7WwjQV1gQ6UuvnqC4yuL-sfWJbtKYhAJIGRfjZD8CwtsOSyCry_C3xBVc99A2PBQlHCVI66ujGX-DCtKPxlvIKjFvtiUOxJEeRwYTDNAzK5DjU-JNtVXfnHhJbGgGUqL5grU17mhvuYO585kbtSpXaXyF5Hugjs6djEY6Z7mNw3PWgXm3tmkFxp0O4uYX8lm45B5Aoyr3sz0P_sBg2B7grS-73laHAWqBVT-Xq10AyS9xQyyM0jhFTo9GGOR53JDWuGTFXCxt77r7Xtk1vjyadTfXp8dvKE3O4utBA--pRsL-cr_wyOeEv7vN1TlOhr3sN_ANFQaZk |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect+of+the+attention+deficit%2Fhyperactivity+disorder+drug+atomoxetine+on+extracellular+concentrations+of+norepinephrine+and+dopamine+in+several+brain+regions+of+the+rat&rft.jtitle=Neuropharmacology&rft.au=Swanson%2C+Chad+J.&rft.au=Perry%2C+Kenneth+W.&rft.au=Koch-Krueger%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Katner%2C+Jason&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0028-3908&rft.eissn=1873-7064&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=755&rft.epage=760&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuropharm.2005.11.022&rft.externalDocID=S0028390805004119 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0028-3908&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0028-3908&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0028-3908&client=summon |