Immunological characterization and comparison of children with COVID-19 from their adult counterparts at single-cell resolution
The immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) an...
Saved in:
| Published in | Frontiers in immunology Vol. 15; p. 1358725 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
01.08.2024
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | The immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet.
Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) and compared them to 18 adults (13 with COVID-19).
The child-adult integrated single cell data indicated that children with the disease presented a restrained response to type I interferon in most of the major immune cell types, along with suppression of upstream interferon regulatory factor and toll-like receptor expression in monocytes, which was confirmed by
interferon stimulation assays. Unlike adult patients, children with COVID-19 showed lower frequencies of activated proinflammatory CD14+ monocytes, possibly explaining the rareness of cytokine storm in them. Notably, natural killer (NK) cells in pediatric patients displayed potent cytotoxicity with a rich expression of cytotoxic molecules and upregulated cytotoxic pathways, whereas the cellular senescence, along with the Notch signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated in NK cells, all suggesting more robust cytotoxicity in NK cells of children than adult patients that was further confirmed by CD107a degranulation assays. Lastly, a modest adaptive immune response was evident with more naïve T cells but less activated and proliferated T cells while less naïve B cells but more activated B cells in children over adult patients.
Conclusively, this preliminary study revealed distinct cell frequency and activation status of major immune cell types, particularly more robust NK cell cytotoxicity in PBMC that might help protect children from severe COVID-19. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet.IntroductionThe immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet.Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) and compared them to 18 adults (13 with COVID-19).MethodsHere, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) and compared them to 18 adults (13 with COVID-19).The child-adult integrated single cell data indicated that children with the disease presented a restrained response to type I interferon in most of the major immune cell types, along with suppression of upstream interferon regulatory factor and toll-like receptor expression in monocytes, which was confirmed by in vitro interferon stimulation assays. Unlike adult patients, children with COVID-19 showed lower frequencies of activated proinflammatory CD14+ monocytes, possibly explaining the rareness of cytokine storm in them. Notably, natural killer (NK) cells in pediatric patients displayed potent cytotoxicity with a rich expression of cytotoxic molecules and upregulated cytotoxic pathways, whereas the cellular senescence, along with the Notch signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated in NK cells, all suggesting more robust cytotoxicity in NK cells of children than adult patients that was further confirmed by CD107a degranulation assays. Lastly, a modest adaptive immune response was evident with more naïve T cells but less activated and proliferated T cells while less naïve B cells but more activated B cells in children over adult patients.ResultsThe child-adult integrated single cell data indicated that children with the disease presented a restrained response to type I interferon in most of the major immune cell types, along with suppression of upstream interferon regulatory factor and toll-like receptor expression in monocytes, which was confirmed by in vitro interferon stimulation assays. Unlike adult patients, children with COVID-19 showed lower frequencies of activated proinflammatory CD14+ monocytes, possibly explaining the rareness of cytokine storm in them. Notably, natural killer (NK) cells in pediatric patients displayed potent cytotoxicity with a rich expression of cytotoxic molecules and upregulated cytotoxic pathways, whereas the cellular senescence, along with the Notch signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated in NK cells, all suggesting more robust cytotoxicity in NK cells of children than adult patients that was further confirmed by CD107a degranulation assays. Lastly, a modest adaptive immune response was evident with more naïve T cells but less activated and proliferated T cells while less naïve B cells but more activated B cells in children over adult patients.Conclusively, this preliminary study revealed distinct cell frequency and activation status of major immune cell types, particularly more robust NK cell cytotoxicity in PBMC that might help protect children from severe COVID-19.ConclusionConclusively, this preliminary study revealed distinct cell frequency and activation status of major immune cell types, particularly more robust NK cell cytotoxicity in PBMC that might help protect children from severe COVID-19. IntroductionThe immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet.MethodsHere, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) and compared them to 18 adults (13 with COVID-19).ResultsThe child-adult integrated single cell data indicated that children with the disease presented a restrained response to type I interferon in most of the major immune cell types, along with suppression of upstream interferon regulatory factor and toll-like receptor expression in monocytes, which was confirmed by in vitro interferon stimulation assays. Unlike adult patients, children with COVID-19 showed lower frequencies of activated proinflammatory CD14+ monocytes, possibly explaining the rareness of cytokine storm in them. Notably, natural killer (NK) cells in pediatric patients displayed potent cytotoxicity with a rich expression of cytotoxic molecules and upregulated cytotoxic pathways, whereas the cellular senescence, along with the Notch signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated in NK cells, all suggesting more robust cytotoxicity in NK cells of children than adult patients that was further confirmed by CD107a degranulation assays. Lastly, a modest adaptive immune response was evident with more naïve T cells but less activated and proliferated T cells while less naïve B cells but more activated B cells in children over adult patients.ConclusionConclusively, this preliminary study revealed distinct cell frequency and activation status of major immune cell types, particularly more robust NK cell cytotoxicity in PBMC that might help protect children from severe COVID-19. The immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) and compared them to 18 adults (13 with COVID-19). The child-adult integrated single cell data indicated that children with the disease presented a restrained response to type I interferon in most of the major immune cell types, along with suppression of upstream interferon regulatory factor and toll-like receptor expression in monocytes, which was confirmed by interferon stimulation assays. Unlike adult patients, children with COVID-19 showed lower frequencies of activated proinflammatory CD14+ monocytes, possibly explaining the rareness of cytokine storm in them. Notably, natural killer (NK) cells in pediatric patients displayed potent cytotoxicity with a rich expression of cytotoxic molecules and upregulated cytotoxic pathways, whereas the cellular senescence, along with the Notch signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated in NK cells, all suggesting more robust cytotoxicity in NK cells of children than adult patients that was further confirmed by CD107a degranulation assays. Lastly, a modest adaptive immune response was evident with more naïve T cells but less activated and proliferated T cells while less naïve B cells but more activated B cells in children over adult patients. Conclusively, this preliminary study revealed distinct cell frequency and activation status of major immune cell types, particularly more robust NK cell cytotoxicity in PBMC that might help protect children from severe COVID-19. |
| Author | Zhai, Xiaowen Xu, Jin Hu, Shiwen Zeng, Mei Lu, Lijuan Chang, Hailing Xu, Menghua Li, Zifeng Jia, Ran Qian, Maoxiang Liu, Pengcheng |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai , China 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai , China 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai , China 4 Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China 5 Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University , Shanghai , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai , China – name: 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai , China – name: 4 Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China – name: 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center , Shanghai , China – name: 5 Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University , Shanghai , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ran surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Ran – sequence: 2 givenname: Zifeng surname: Li fullname: Li, Zifeng – sequence: 3 givenname: Shiwen surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Shiwen – sequence: 4 givenname: Hailing surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Hailing – sequence: 5 givenname: Mei surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Mei – sequence: 6 givenname: Pengcheng surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Pengcheng – sequence: 7 givenname: Lijuan surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Lijuan – sequence: 8 givenname: Menghua surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Menghua – sequence: 9 givenname: Xiaowen surname: Zhai fullname: Zhai, Xiaowen – sequence: 10 givenname: Maoxiang surname: Qian fullname: Qian, Maoxiang – sequence: 11 givenname: Jin surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Jin |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39148728$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kk1v1DAQhiNUREvpH-CAfOSSxY7tOD4htHytVKkX4GpNHGfXlWMvtlMEF_46zu5StRzwwZ_v-8zIM8-rMx-8qaqXBK8o7eSb0U7TvGpww1aE8k40_El1QdqW1bRp2NmD_Xl1ldItLoNJSil_Vp1TSVixdBfV703B-ODC1mpwSO8ggs4m2l-QbfAI_IB0mPYQbSrHMBaJdUM0Hv2weYfWN98272si0RjDhPLO2IhgmF0urtkXUHHmhCCjZP3WmVob51A0Kbh5CfCiejqCS-bqtF5WXz9--LL-XF_ffNqs313XmrUy14QLIkbaSkMYFZqNI5e6pyAo1j0TgsjBGAxtyxuOhSwTl4CxxP1IBGhCL6vNkTsEuFX7aCeIP1UAqw4XIW5VSdRqZ1TPBe-Htu-M7FiPOdAWa2h7PlJjAGRhvT2y9nM_mUEbnyO4R9DHL97u1DbcKUJoyUx2hfD6RIjh-2xSVpNNy8-AN2FOimJJueQdWaSvHga7j_K3hEXQHAU6hpSiGe8lBKulVdShVdTSKurUKsXU_WPSNh8qXhK27n_WPxnUxyM |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2025_1525051 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1038/s41423-020-00574-8 10.1182/blood-2008-03-143727 10.1080/22221751.2020.1772677 10.1126/science.abd4570 10.1038/s41586-018-0784-9 10.1038/onc.2014.169 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.104 10.3390/cells11061017 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1346 10.4049/jimmunol.1801208 10.3201/eid2607.200841 10.1093/ndt/16.12.2420 10.1007/s00251-017-1001-y 10.1111/acel.13544 10.1007/s12250-020-00265-8 10.1007/s11427-020-1859-y 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.06.013 10.1128/JVI.01703-18 10.1038/s41592-019-0619-0 10.1038/s41421-020-0168-9 10.1038/s41467-022-28505-3 10.1002/hep.32209 10.1038/s41586-021-04188-6 10.1038/nri3307 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00778 10.1007/s13238-020-00762-2 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205 10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0 10.1126/science.abc6027 10.1126/science.1097670 10.1002/art.39295 10.1038/s41577-020-00429-3 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.012 10.1038/s41591-020-0944-y 10.1038/d41586-021-01897-w 10.1038/s41587-021-00867-x 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.007 10.1080/20469047.2020.1781356 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1022890 10.1038/nature03847 10.1186/s13073-022-01021-1 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.4007 10.1038/s41590-020-00826-9 10.1038/s41591-020-0901-9 10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.012 10.1038/s41392-021-00767-1 10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2337 10.3390/cells10113182 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30208 10.4049/jimmunol.1400534 10.1038/s41592-020-0905-x 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108767 10.1016/j.prrv.2004.07.011 10.21873/invivo.13055 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah6817 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138234 10.1038/nri3787 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00336 10.1186/s41232-020-00131-w 10.1089/vim.2019.0207 10.1089/omi.2011.0118 10.1038/s41590-020-0762-x 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002 10.3390/ijms21176351 10.1111/all.14657 10.1093/jpids/piad107 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.053 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741639 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.008 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8 10.1038/s41592-021-01336-8 10.1038/s41592-018-0254-1 10.1038/s41590-021-01123-9 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.003 10.1038/s41423-020-0438-3 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.02.013 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu. Copyright © 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu. – notice: Copyright © 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358725 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1664-3224 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_b575bd6b8e984b05a360ca6b5f3eeaa9 PMC11325098 39148728 10_3389_fimmu_2024_1358725 |
| Genre | Journal Article Comparative Study |
| GroupedDBID | 53G 5VS 9T4 AAFWJ AAKDD AAYXX ACGFO ACGFS ACXDI ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AFPKN ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BCNDV CITATION DIK EBS EMOBN GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HYE KQ8 M48 M~E OK1 PGMZT RNS RPM CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF IPNFZ NPM RIG 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-15717f369e1437c4ff59cb3a730cb47719dee0a6652507925059a0090bf17ac13 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 1664-3224 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:19:35 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:34:54 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 03:37:15 EDT 2025 Fri May 23 01:44:18 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:40:55 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:56:32 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | COVID-19 single-cell RNA sequencing innate immunity children NK cell |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2024 Jia, Li, Hu, Chang, Zeng, Liu, Lu, Xu, Zhai, Qian and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c469t-15717f369e1437c4ff59cb3a730cb47719dee0a6652507925059a0090bf17ac13 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Wei Yang, Washington University in St. Louis, United States Edited by: Jinsheng Yu, Washington University in St. Louis, United States Sanghita Sarkar, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States These authors have contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship Jianguo Lin, Washington University in St. Louis, United States |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/b575bd6b8e984b05a360ca6b5f3eeaa9 |
| PMID | 39148728 |
| PQID | 3093595818 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b575bd6b8e984b05a360ca6b5f3eeaa9 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11325098 proquest_miscellaneous_3093595818 pubmed_primary_39148728 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1358725 crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1358725 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-08-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2024 text: 2024-08-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland |
| PublicationTitle | Frontiers in immunology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Front Immunol |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media S.A |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Frontiers Media S.A |
| References | Fausther-Bovendo (B35) 2019; 93 Brauning (B60) 2022; 11 Otsuka (B44) 2020; 40 Bari (B70) 2013; 31 Lu (B80) 2020; 63 Li (B29) 2020; 17 Zhang (B19) 2020; 21 Ren (B39) 2021; 184 Ledford (B8) 2021 Tagarro (B6) 2020; 174 Teo (B36) 2019; 27 Li (B22) 2021; 600 Zhang (B7) 2020; 17 (B4) 2023 (B25) 2023 Lam (B75) 2020; 33 Amrute (B49) 2022; 13 Weisberg (B40) 2021; 22 Lee (B45) 2020; 5 Chen (B50) 2017; 83 Zhao (B38) 2022; 108 Luecken (B27) 2022; 19 Zhong (B10) 2004; 5 Liao (B32) 2020; 26 Ali (B34) 2019; 10 Cifaldi (B43) 2015; 67 van Eeden (B58) 2020; 21 Lee (B52) 2020; 20 Faraji (B24) 2024; 10 Zheng (B59) 2020; 11 Kagawa (B62) 2015; 34 Yawata (B69) 2008; 112 Felices (B63) 2014; 193 Zumla (B9) 2015; 386 Chen (B11) 2021; 65 Gao (B48) 2021; 76 Bergantini (B54) 2021; 10 Zhang (B33) 2020; 370 Damdinsuren (B76) 2010; 32 McNab (B46) 2015; 15 Wen (B13) 2020; 6 Kim (B17) 2024; 13 O'Driscoll (B1) 2021; 590 Korsunsky (B28) 2019; 16 Büttner (B30) 2019; 16 Ma (B79) 2022; 14 Yu (B31) 2012; 16 Rahangdale (B41) 2006; 176 Cros (B42) 2010; 33 Liu (B21) 2020; 9 Li (B23) 2021; 6 Rothenburg (B12) 2020; 28 Okba (B77) 2020; 26 Chou (B37) 2022; 23 Umakanthan (B3) 2020; 96 Khakoo (B67) 2004; 305 Zhu (B14) 2020; 53 Gao (B26) 2021; 39 Kim (B68) 2005; 436 Ramaswamy (B20) 2021; 54 De Cecco (B53) 2019; 566 Kindler (B51) 2016; 19 Anfossi (B56) 2006; 25 Lam (B73) 2019; 202 Krämer (B57) 2021; 54 Lee (B66) 2023; 14 Kaech (B71) 2012; 12 Jia (B15) 2020; 35 Neeland (B18) 2021; 12 Crinier (B55) 2021; 18 Moesta (B64) 2012; 3 Hilton (B65) 2017; 69 Hou (B72) 2022; 21 Wilk (B2) 2020; 26 Fallet (B74) 2016; 1 Morhart (B16) 2023; 37 Duan (B61) 2022; 75 Rajapakse (B5) 2021; 41 Hadjadj (B47) 2020; 369 Shan (B78) 2001; 16 |
| References_xml | – volume: 18 year: 2021 ident: B55 article-title: Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectories of natural killer cell differentiation in bone marrow and a stress signature induced by acute myeloid leukemia publication-title: Cell Mol Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00574-8 – volume: 112 year: 2008 ident: B69 article-title: MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors and their ligands structure diverse human NK-cell repertoires toward a balance of missing self-response publication-title: Blood doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-143727 – volume: 9 year: 2020 ident: B21 article-title: Dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and neutralizing antibody in children with COVID-19 publication-title: Emerging Microbes infections doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1772677 – volume: 370 year: 2020 ident: B33 article-title: Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.abd4570 – volume: 566 year: 2019 ident: B53 article-title: L1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age-associated inflammation publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0784-9 – volume: 34 year: 2015 ident: B62 article-title: Cellular senescence checkpoint function determines differential Notch1-dependent oncogenic and tumor-suppressor activities publication-title: Oncogene doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.169 – volume: 27 start-page: 997 year: 2019 ident: B36 article-title: Notch signaling mediates secondary senescence publication-title: Cell Rep doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.104 – volume: 11 start-page: 1017 year: 2022 ident: B60 article-title: Aging of the immune system: focus on natural killer cells phenotype and functions publication-title: Cells doi: 10.3390/cells11061017 – volume: 174 start-page: 1009 year: 2020 ident: B6 article-title: Screening and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in madrid, Spain publication-title: JAMA Pediatr doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1346 – volume: 202 year: 2019 ident: B73 article-title: The multifaceted B cell response to influenza virus publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801208 – volume: 26 year: 2020 ident: B77 article-title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients publication-title: Emerging Infect Dis doi: 10.3201/eid2607.200841 – volume: 16 year: 2001 ident: B78 article-title: Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis possibly related to persistent parvovirus B19 infection in a renal transplant recipient publication-title: Nephrol Dial Transplant doi: 10.1093/ndt/16.12.2420 – volume: 69 year: 2017 ident: B65 article-title: Missing or altered self: human NK cell receptors that recognize HLA-C publication-title: Immunogenetics doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-1001-y – volume: 21 year: 2022 ident: B72 article-title: Aging-related cell type-specific pathophysiologic immune responses that exacerbate disease severity in aged COVID-19 patients publication-title: Aging Cell doi: 10.1111/acel.13544 – volume: 35 year: 2020 ident: B15 article-title: Mild cytokine elevation, moderate CD4(+) T cell response and abundant antibody production in children with COVID-19 publication-title: Virologica Sin doi: 10.1007/s12250-020-00265-8 – volume: 63 year: 2020 ident: B80 article-title: Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development publication-title: Sci China Life Sci doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1859-y – volume-title: WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard year: 2023 ident: B4 – volume: 25 year: 2006 ident: B56 article-title: Human NK cell education by inhibitory receptors for MHC class I publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.06.013 – volume: 93 year: 2019 ident: B35 article-title: NK cells accumulate in infected tissues and contribute to pathogenicity of ebola virus in mice publication-title: J Virol doi: 10.1128/JVI.01703-18 – volume: 16 year: 2019 ident: B28 article-title: Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony publication-title: Nat Methods doi: 10.1038/s41592-019-0619-0 – volume: 6 start-page: 31 year: 2020 ident: B13 article-title: Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing publication-title: Cell Discovery doi: 10.1038/s41421-020-0168-9 – volume: 13 start-page: 882 year: 2022 ident: B49 article-title: Cell specific peripheral immune responses predict survival in critical COVID-19 patients publication-title: Nat Commun doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28505-3 – volume: 75 year: 2022 ident: B61 article-title: Shear stress-induced cellular senescence blunts liver regeneration through Notch-sirtuin 1-P21/P16 axis publication-title: Hepatology doi: 10.1002/hep.32209 – volume: 600 year: 2021 ident: B22 article-title: The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04188-6 – volume: 12 year: 2012 ident: B71 article-title: Transcriptional control of effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/nri3307 – volume: 53 start-page: 685 year: 2020 ident: B14 article-title: Single-cell sequencing of peripheral mononuclear cells reveals distinct immune response landscapes of COVID-19 and influenza patients publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009 – volume: 10 year: 2019 ident: B34 article-title: Sources of type I interferons in infectious immunity: plasmacytoid dendritic cells not always in the driver's seat publication-title: Front Immunol doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00778 – volume: 11 year: 2020 ident: B59 article-title: A human circulating immune cell landscape in aging and COVID-19 publication-title: Protein Cell doi: 10.1007/s13238-020-00762-2 – volume: 65 start-page: 101205 year: 2021 ident: B11 article-title: Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention publication-title: Ageing Res Rev doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205 – volume: 590 year: 2021 ident: B1 article-title: Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0 – volume: 369 year: 2020 ident: B47 article-title: Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.abc6027 – volume: 305 year: 2004 ident: B67 article-title: HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1097670 – volume: 67 year: 2015 ident: B43 article-title: Inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by interleukin-6: implications for the pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome publication-title: Arthritis Rheumatol doi: 10.1002/art.39295 – volume: 20 year: 2020 ident: B52 article-title: The type I interferon response in COVID-19: implications for treatment publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-00429-3 – volume: 33 year: 2010 ident: B42 article-title: Human CD14dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.012 – volume: 26 year: 2020 ident: B2 article-title: A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19 publication-title: Nat Med doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0944-y – year: 2021 ident: B8 article-title: Deaths from COVID 'incredibly rare' among children publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-01897-w – volume: 39 year: 2021 ident: B26 article-title: Iterative single-cell multi-omic integration using online learning publication-title: Nat Biotechnol doi: 10.1038/s41587-021-00867-x – volume: 28 start-page: 46 year: 2020 ident: B12 article-title: Species-specific host-virus interactions: implications for viral host range and virulence publication-title: Trends Microbiol doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.007 – volume: 41 start-page: 36 year: 2021 ident: B5 article-title: Human and novel coronavirus infections in children: a review publication-title: Paediatrics Int Child Health doi: 10.1080/20469047.2020.1781356 – volume: 14 year: 2023 ident: B66 article-title: NK cells from COVID-19 positive patients exhibit enhanced cytotoxic activity upon NKG2A and KIR2DL1 blockade publication-title: Front Immunol doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1022890 – volume: 436 year: 2005 ident: B68 article-title: Licensing of natural killer cells by host major histocompatibility complex class I molecules publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature03847 – volume: 14 start-page: 16 year: 2022 ident: B79 article-title: Integrating single-cell sequencing data with GWAS summary statistics reveals CD16+monocytes and memory CD8+T cells involved in severe COVID-19 publication-title: Genome Med doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01021-1 – volume: 31 year: 2013 ident: B70 article-title: Effect of donor KIR2DL1 allelic polymorphism on the outcome of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation publication-title: J Clin oncology: Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.4007 – volume: 22 start-page: 25 year: 2021 ident: B40 article-title: Distinct antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults across the COVID-19 clinical spectrum publication-title: Nat Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-00826-9 – volume: 26 year: 2020 ident: B32 article-title: Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 publication-title: Nat Med doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0901-9 – volume: 19 year: 2016 ident: B51 article-title: SARS-CoV and IFN: too little, too late publication-title: Cell Host Microbe doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.012 – volume: 6 start-page: 349 year: 2021 ident: B23 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Delta: a great challenge to prevention and control of COVID-19 publication-title: Signal transduction targeted Ther doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00767-1 – volume: 176 year: 2006 ident: B41 article-title: Chemokine receptor CXCR3 desensitization by IL-16/CD4 signaling is dependent on CCR5 and intact membrane cholesterol publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2337 – volume: 10 start-page: 3182 year: 2021 ident: B54 article-title: NK and T cell immunological signatures in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 publication-title: Cells doi: 10.3390/cells10113182 – volume: 5 year: 2020 ident: B45 article-title: Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 publication-title: Sci Immunol doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554 – volume: 10 year: 2024 ident: B24 article-title: Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Impact on future COVID-19 vaccine strategies publication-title: Heliyon doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30208 – volume: 193 year: 2014 ident: B63 article-title: Notch signaling at later stages of NK cell development enhances KIR expression and functional maturation publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400534 – volume: 17 year: 2020 ident: B29 article-title: Cumulus provides cloud-based data analysis for large-scale single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq publication-title: Nat Methods doi: 10.1038/s41592-020-0905-x – volume: 108 start-page: 108767 year: 2022 ident: B38 article-title: Immune features of COVID-19 convalescent individuals revealed by a single-cell RNA sequencing publication-title: Int Immunopharmacol doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108767 – volume: 5 year: 2004 ident: B10 article-title: Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): adults and children publication-title: Paediatr Respir Rev doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2004.07.011 – volume: 37 year: 2023 ident: B16 article-title: Age-related differences in immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens publication-title: In Vivo doi: 10.21873/invivo.13055 – volume: 1 year: 2016 ident: B74 article-title: Interferon-driven deletion of antiviral B cells at the onset of chronic infection publication-title: Sci Immunol doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah6817 – volume: 96 year: 2020 ident: B3 article-title: Origin, transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) publication-title: Postgraduate Med J doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138234 – volume: 15 start-page: 87 year: 2015 ident: B46 article-title: Type I interferons in infectious disease publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/nri3787 – volume: 3 year: 2012 ident: B64 article-title: Diverse functionality among human NK cell receptors for the C1 epitope of HLA-C: KIR2DS2, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL3 publication-title: Front Immunol doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00336 – volume: 40 start-page: 19 year: 2020 ident: B44 article-title: Macrophage activation syndrome and COVID-19 publication-title: Inflammation regeneration doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00131-w – volume: 33 start-page: 294 year: 2020 ident: B75 article-title: B cell activation and response regulation during viral infections publication-title: Viral Immunol doi: 10.1089/vim.2019.0207 – volume: 16 year: 2012 ident: B31 article-title: clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters publication-title: OMICS: A J Integr Biol doi: 10.1089/omi.2011.0118 – volume: 21 year: 2020 ident: B19 article-title: Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in patients with COVID-19 publication-title: Nat Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0762-x – volume: 54 start-page: 2650 year: 2021 ident: B57 article-title: Early IFN-α signatures and persistent dysfunction are distinguishing features of NK cells in severe COVID-19 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002 – volume: 21 start-page: 6351 year: 2020 ident: B58 article-title: Natural killer cell dysfunction and its role in COVID-19 publication-title: Int J Mol Sci doi: 10.3390/ijms21176351 – volume: 76 year: 2021 ident: B48 article-title: Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: A review publication-title: Allergy doi: 10.1111/all.14657 – volume-title: Guidelines for COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment year: 2023 ident: B25 – volume: 13 year: 2024 ident: B17 article-title: Comparisons of Pediatric and Adult SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies up to 6 Months after Infection, Vaccination, or Hybrid Immunity publication-title: J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc doi: 10.1093/jpids/piad107 – volume: 184 start-page: 1895 year: 2021 ident: B39 article-title: COVID-19 immune features revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.053 – volume: 12 year: 2021 ident: B18 article-title: Children and adults in a household cohort study have robust longitudinal immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure publication-title: Front Immunol doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741639 – volume: 83 start-page: 1 year: 2017 ident: B50 article-title: Regulation of type I interferon signaling in immunity and inflammation: A comprehensive review publication-title: J Autoimmun doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.008 – volume: 386 year: 2015 ident: B9 article-title: Middle East respiratory syndrome publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8 – volume: 19 start-page: 41 year: 2022 ident: B27 article-title: Benchmarking atlas-level data integration in single-cell genomics publication-title: Nat Methods doi: 10.1038/s41592-021-01336-8 – volume: 16 year: 2019 ident: B30 article-title: A test metric for assessing single-cell RNA-seq batch correction publication-title: Nat Methods doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0254-1 – volume: 23 year: 2022 ident: B37 article-title: Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children publication-title: Nat Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01123-9 – volume: 54 year: 2021 ident: B20 article-title: Immune dysregulation and autoreactivity correlate with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.003 – volume: 17 year: 2020 ident: B7 article-title: Protective humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients publication-title: Cell Mol Immunol doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0438-3 – volume: 32 year: 2010 ident: B76 article-title: Single round of antigen receptor signaling programs naive B cells to receive T cell help publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.02.013 |
| SSID | ssj0000493335 |
| Score | 2.3887742 |
| Snippet | The immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully... IntroductionThe immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 1358725 |
| SubjectTerms | Adaptive Immunity Adolescent Adult Cellular Senescence - immunology Child Child, Preschool children COVID-19 COVID-19 - immunology Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Female Humans Immunology innate immunity Interferon Type I - immunology Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Male Middle Aged Monocytes - immunology Monocytes - metabolism NK cell SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Single-Cell Analysis single-cell RNA sequencing Young Adult |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZKERIXVN5LCzISNxTYxLEdHxAqhapFKlxY1JtlO-NStM3CblaiJ_46M85DLCqcuMa2Ys147O_zeGYYeyaqqD1EnUkQLiuhgMwX4JG1VgLROWI6RcHJJx_U0ax8fypPt9hQ7qgX4OpKakf1pGbL-Ysf3y9fo8G_IsaJ5-3LeH5xsUaqV5RUxaHShbzGruPJpMlQT3q4_7VDw0II2cXO_GXoxvmU0vhfhT3_fEL525l0uMNu9WCS73fav822oLnDbnTlJS_vsp_HFPwx7G48jLmZu9BL7pqah7EOIV9EPoR2c7qe5QcfPx-_zXLDKQaFJ5cCT_k6eKowAUsc2a64azldOMwhIy8AR_7eL-d7bHb47tPBUdYXXMgCsuQ2yyWSuyiUAURROpQxShO8cLgLBF9qnZsaYOqUIl-oNoSejEOQNvUx1y7k4j7bbhYNPGQcVC1qrxQS9xopXOUR6pEvQRhAAKPLCcsHMdvQZyOnohhzi6yEVGOTaiypxvaqmbDn45hvXS6Of_Z-Q9obe1Ie7fRhsTyzvVlaj2jV18pXYKrST6UTahqc8jIKAOfMhD0ddG_R7kiMroHFemWTB9lIxDsT9qBbC-OvhEGSqQtsqTZWycZcNlua8y8pt3eeCxSrqR79j9nvspskke694h7bbpdreIwYqvVPkmH8AuNFHZI priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
| Title | Immunological characterization and comparison of children with COVID-19 from their adult counterparts at single-cell resolution |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39148728 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3093595818 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11325098 https://doaj.org/article/b575bd6b8e984b05a360ca6b5f3eeaa9 |
| Volume | 15 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQJSQuCCiPLVAZiRuKul4nfhyh0AdS2wtFe7NsZyyK2ixqswdO_HVm7Gy0W6Fy6SWH2FasmXH8fR7PDGPvpUk6QNJVA9JXNcygCjMIyFqNRHSOmE5RcPLJqTo6r7_Om_laqS-6E1bSAxfB7QXEE6FVwYA1dZg2Xqpp9Co0SQJ4n0P3cM9bI1M_C-6VUjYlSgZZmN1LF1dXS-SDs5pKPRhNtbHXdqKcsP9fKPP2Zcm13efgCXs8wEb-sUz3KXsA3TP2sBSS_L3N_hxTmMfqP8bjmIW5BFly37U8jhUH-SLxVRA3p4NYvn_2_fhzJSynaBOenQc8Z-bguZYEXOPI_ob7ntPRwiVUdN7PkakPhvucnR98-bZ_VA2lFaqIfLivRIM0LkllAfGSjnVKjY1BelzvMdRaC9sCTL1S5PXUlnCS9QjHpiEJ7aOQL9hWt-jgFeOgWtkGpZCit0jWTEBQR14DaQGhiq4nTKzE7OKQd5zKX1w65B-kGpdV40g1blDNhH0Yx_wqWTfu7P2JtDf2pIzZ-QXakRvsyP3Pjibs3Ur3DlcYidF3sFjeuOwrtg0imwl7WWxh_JS0SCf1DFvMhpVszGWzpbv4kbN4CyFRrNbs3MfsX7NHJJFyM_EN2-qvl_AW0VIfdvPCwOfhXODzpDZ_AeoQF10 |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Immunological+characterization+and+comparison+of+children+with+COVID-19+from+their+adult+counterparts+at+single-cell+resolution&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+immunology&rft.au=Ran+Jia&rft.au=Zifeng+Li&rft.au=Shiwen+Hu&rft.au=Hailing+Chang&rft.date=2024-08-01&rft.pub=Frontiers+Media+S.A&rft.eissn=1664-3224&rft.volume=15&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffimmu.2024.1358725&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_b575bd6b8e984b05a360ca6b5f3eeaa9 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1664-3224&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1664-3224&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1664-3224&client=summon |