EM Model-Based Device-Free Localization of Multiple Bodies

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 5; p. 1728
• Main Authors: Rampa, Vittorio, Nicoli, Monica, Manno, Chiara, Savazzi, Stefano
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Approximation; Bayesian methods; body models; device-free localization; diffraction models; Localization; Methods; multiple targets localization; passive localization; Propagation; Radio communications; Wireless networks; Bayesian methods; passive localization; device-free localization; particle filters; body models; diffraction models; multiple targets localization
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s21051728

In this paper, we discuss the problem of device-free localization and tracking, considering multiple bodies moving inside an area monitored by a wireless network. The presence and motion of non-instrumented subjects leave a specific footprint on the received Radio-Frequency (RF) signals by affecting the Received Signal Strength (RSS) in a way that strongly depends on people location. The paper targets specifically the modelling of the effects on the electromagnetic (EM) field, and the related inference methods. A multiple-body diffraction model is exploited to predict the impact of these bodies on the RSS field, i.e., the multi-body-induced shadowing, in the form of an extra attenuation w.r.t. the reference scenario where no targets are inside the monitored area. Unlike almost all methods available in the literature, that assume multi-body-induced shadowing to sum linearly with the number of people co-present in the monitored area, the proposed model describes also the EM effects caused by their mutual interactions. As a relevant case study, the proposed EM model is exploited to predict and evaluate the effects due to two co-located bodies inside the monitored area. The proposed real-time localization and tracking method, exploiting both average and deviation of the RSS perturbations due to the two subjects, is compared against others techniques available in the literature. Finally, some results, based on experimental RF data collected in a representative indoor environment, are presented and discussed.