Prevalence of Trachoma in Kano State, Nigeria: Results of 44 Local Government Area-Level Surveys

Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of...

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Published inOphthalmic epidemiology Vol. 24; no. 3; pp. 195 - 203
Main Authors Mpyet, Caleb, Muhammad, Nasiru, Adamu, Mohammed Dantani, Muazu, Habila, Umar, Murtala Muhammad, Goyol, Musa, Yahaya, Hadi Bala, Onyebuchi, Uwazoeke, Ogoshi, Chris, Hussaini, Tijjani, Isiyaku, Sunday, William, Adamani, Flueckiger, Rebecca M., Chu, Brian K., Willis, Rebecca, Pavluck, Alexandre L., Olobio, Nicholas, Phelan, Sophie, Macleod, Colin, Solomon, Anthony W.
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Published England Taylor & Francis 04.05.2017
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Abstract Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of 25 clusters in each LGA. All consenting household residents aged 1 year and above were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) and trichiasis. Results: State-wide crude prevalence of TF in persons aged 1-9 years was 3.4% (95% CI 3.3-3.5%), and of trichiasis in those aged ≥15 years was 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.4%). LGA-level age- and sex-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in those aged ≥15 years ranged from 0.1% to 2.9%. All but 4 (9%) of 44 LGAs had trichiasis prevalences in adults above the elimination threshold of 0.2%. State-wide prevalence of trichiasis in adult women was significantly higher than in adult men (2.6% vs 1.8%; OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7; p = 0.001). Four of 44 LGAs had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds between 10 and 15%, while another six LGAs had TF prevalences between 5 and 9.9%. In 37 LGAs, >80% of households had access to water within 30 minutes round-trip, but household latrine access was >80% in only 19 LGAs. Conclusion: Trichiasis is a public health problem in most LGAs in Kano. Surgeons need to be trained and deployed to provide community-based trichiasis surgery, with emphasis on delivery of such services to women. Antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement are needed in 10 LGAs.
AbstractList We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of 25 clusters in each LGA. All consenting household residents aged 1 year and above were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) and trichiasis. State-wide crude prevalence of TF in persons aged 1-9 years was 3.4% (95% CI 3.3-3.5%), and of trichiasis in those aged ≥15 years was 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.4%). LGA-level age- and sex-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in those aged ≥15 years ranged from 0.1% to 2.9%. All but 4 (9%) of 44 LGAs had trichiasis prevalences in adults above the elimination threshold of 0.2%. State-wide prevalence of trichiasis in adult women was significantly higher than in adult men (2.6% vs 1.8%; OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7; p = 0.001). Four of 44 LGAs had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds between 10 and 15%, while another six LGAs had TF prevalences between 5 and 9.9%. In 37 LGAs, >80% of households had access to water within 30 minutes round-trip, but household latrine access was >80% in only 19 LGAs. Trichiasis is a public health problem in most LGAs in Kano. Surgeons need to be trained and deployed to provide community-based trichiasis surgery, with emphasis on delivery of such services to women. Antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement are needed in 10 LGAs.
Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of 25 clusters in each LGA. All consenting household residents aged 1 year and above were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) and trichiasis. Results: State-wide crude prevalence of TF in persons aged 1-9 years was 3.4% (95% CI 3.3-3.5%), and of trichiasis in those aged ≥15 years was 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.4%). LGA-level age- and sex-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in those aged ≥15 years ranged from 0.1% to 2.9%. All but 4 (9%) of 44 LGAs had trichiasis prevalences in adults above the elimination threshold of 0.2%. State-wide prevalence of trichiasis in adult women was significantly higher than in adult men (2.6% vs 1.8%; OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7; p = 0.001). Four of 44 LGAs had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds between 10 and 15%, while another six LGAs had TF prevalences between 5 and 9.9%. In 37 LGAs, >80% of households had access to water within 30 minutes round-trip, but household latrine access was >80% in only 19 LGAs. Conclusion: Trichiasis is a public health problem in most LGAs in Kano. Surgeons need to be trained and deployed to provide community-based trichiasis surgery, with emphasis on delivery of such services to women. Antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement are needed in 10 LGAs.
Author Ogoshi, Chris
Umar, Murtala Muhammad
Macleod, Colin
Onyebuchi, Uwazoeke
Goyol, Musa
William, Adamani
Solomon, Anthony W.
Pavluck, Alexandre L.
Hussaini, Tijjani
Chu, Brian K.
Yahaya, Hadi Bala
Mpyet, Caleb
Phelan, Sophie
Flueckiger, Rebecca M.
Muazu, Habila
Willis, Rebecca
Olobio, Nicholas
Adamu, Mohammed Dantani
Muhammad, Nasiru
Isiyaku, Sunday
AuthorAffiliation c Department of Ophthalmology, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
m Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
g Department of Ophthalmology, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
h National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
f Netherlands Leprosy Relief, Jos, Nigeria
d Ministry of Health, Kaduna State, Nigeria
l Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
j Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Nigeria
b Sightsavers, Kaduna, Nigeria
k Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
i Vision2020 Support Programme, Jos, Nigeria
a Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
e National Eye Center, Kaduna, Nigeria
n London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, London, UK
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Issue 3
Keywords prevalence
Kano State
trachoma
Nigeria
Global Trachoma Mapping Project
trichiasis
Language English
License open-access: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
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Snippet Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based prevalence...
We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. A population-based prevalence survey was...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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Publisher
StartPage 195
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Age Distribution
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Blindness - epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cluster Analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Global Trachoma Mapping Project
Humans
Infant
Kano State
Local Government
Male
Middle Aged
Nigeria
Nigeria - epidemiology
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sex Distribution
trachoma
Trachoma - epidemiology
trichiasis
Trichiasis - epidemiology
Young Adult
Title Prevalence of Trachoma in Kano State, Nigeria: Results of 44 Local Government Area-Level Surveys
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09286586.2016.1265657
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28276755
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6837865
Volume 24
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