The effects of RNA editing in cancer tissue at different stages in carcinogenesis

RNA editing is one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification observed in normal physiological processes and often aberrant in diseases including cancer. RNA editing changes the sequences of mRNAs, making them different from the source DNA sequence. Edited mRNA...

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Published inRNA biology Vol. 18; no. 11; pp. 1524 - 1539
Main Authors Kurkowiak, Małgorzata, Arcimowicz, Łukasz, Chruściel, Elżbieta, Urban-Wójciuk, Zuzanna, Papak, Ines, Keegan, Liam, O'Connell, Mary, Kowalski, Jacek, Hupp, Ted, Marek-Trzonkowska, Natalia
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Taylor & Francis 02.11.2021
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Abstract RNA editing is one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification observed in normal physiological processes and often aberrant in diseases including cancer. RNA editing changes the sequences of mRNAs, making them different from the source DNA sequence. Edited mRNAs can produce editing-recoded protein isoforms that are functionally different from the corresponding genome-encoded protein isoforms. The major type of RNA editing in mammals occurs by enzymatic deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) within double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or hairpins in pre-mRNA transcripts. Enzymes that catalyse these processes belong to the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family. The vast majority of knowledge on the RNA editing landscape relevant to human disease has been acquired using in vitro cancer cell culture models. The limitation of such in vitro models, however, is that the physiological or disease relevance of results obtained is not necessarily obvious. In this review we focus on discussing in vivo occurring RNA editing events that have been identified in human cancer tissue using samples surgically resected or clinically retrieved from patients. We discuss how RNA editing events occurring in tumours in vivo can identify pathological signalling mechanisms relevant to human cancer physiology which is linked to the different stages of cancer progression including initiation, promotion, survival, proliferation, immune escape and metastasis.
AbstractList RNA editing is one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification observed in normal physiological processes and often aberrant in diseases including cancer. RNA editing changes the sequences of mRNAs, making them different from the source DNA sequence. Edited mRNAs can produce editing-recoded protein isoforms that are functionally different from the corresponding genome-encoded protein isoforms. The major type of RNA editing in mammals occurs by enzymatic deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) within double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or hairpins in pre-mRNA transcripts. Enzymes that catalyse these processes belong to the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family. The vast majority of knowledge on the RNA editing landscape relevant to human disease has been acquired using in vitro cancer cell culture models. The limitation of such in vitro models, however, is that the physiological or disease relevance of results obtained is not necessarily obvious. In this review we focus on discussing in vivo occurring RNA editing events that have been identified in human cancer tissue using samples surgically resected or clinically retrieved from patients. We discuss how RNA editing events occurring in tumours in vivo can identify pathological signalling mechanisms relevant to human cancer physiology which is linked to the different stages of cancer progression including initiation, promotion, survival, proliferation, immune escape and metastasis.
RNA editing is one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification observed in normal physiological processes and often aberrant in diseases including cancer. RNA editing changes the sequences of mRNAs, making them different from the source DNA sequence. Edited mRNAs can produce editing-recoded protein isoforms that are functionally different from the corresponding genome-encoded protein isoforms. The major type of RNA editing in mammals occurs by enzymatic deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) within double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or hairpins in pre-mRNA transcripts. Enzymes that catalyse these processes belong to the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family. The vast majority of knowledge on the RNA editing landscape relevant to human disease has been acquired using cancer cell culture models. The limitation of such models, however, is that the physiological or disease relevance of results obtained is not necessarily obvious. In this review we focus on discussing occurring RNA editing events that have been identified in human cancer tissue using samples surgically resected or clinically retrieved from patients. We discuss how RNA editing events occurring in tumours can identify pathological signalling mechanisms relevant to human cancer physiology which is linked to the different stages of cancer progression including initiation, promotion, survival, proliferation, immune escape and metastasis.
RNA editing is one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification observed in normal physiological processes and often aberrant in diseases including cancer. RNA editing changes the sequences of mRNAs, making them different from the source DNA sequence. Edited mRNAs can produce editing-recoded protein isoforms that are functionally different from the corresponding genome-encoded protein isoforms. The major type of RNA editing in mammals occurs by enzymatic deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) within double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or hairpins in pre-mRNA transcripts. Enzymes that catalyse these processes belong to the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family. The vast majority of knowledge on the RNA editing landscape relevant to human disease has been acquired using in vitro cancer cell culture models. The limitation of such in vitro models, however, is that the physiological or disease relevance of results obtained is not necessarily obvious. In this review we focus on discussing in vivo occurring RNA editing events that have been identified in human cancer tissue using samples surgically resected or clinically retrieved from patients. We discuss how RNA editing events occurring in tumours in vivo can identify pathological signalling mechanisms relevant to human cancer physiology which is linked to the different stages of cancer progression including initiation, promotion, survival, proliferation, immune escape and metastasis.
Author O'Connell, Mary
Keegan, Liam
Papak, Ines
Chruściel, Elżbieta
Kurkowiak, Małgorzata
Marek-Trzonkowska, Natalia
Urban-Wójciuk, Zuzanna
Arcimowicz, Łukasz
Kowalski, Jacek
Hupp, Ted
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  surname: Marek-Trzonkowska
  fullname: Marek-Trzonkowska, Natalia
  email: natalia.marek-trzonkowska@ug.edu.pl
  organization: Medical University of Gdańsk
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Issue 11
Keywords RNA editing
RNA editing in cancer
ADARs
cancer development
Language English
License open-access: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
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SubjectTerms ADARs
Adenosine - genetics
Animals
cancer development
Carcinogenesis - genetics
Carcinogenesis - pathology
Humans
Inosine - genetics
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - pathology
Review
RNA Editing
RNA editing in cancer
RNA, Double-Stranded - genetics
RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
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Title The effects of RNA editing in cancer tissue at different stages in carcinogenesis
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