Evaluating Strategies to Reduce Arsenic Poisoning in South Asia: A View from the Social Sciences

The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as “the largest mass poisoning in human history.” Various technical solutions to the problem fall into one of two broad categories: (i) cleaning contaminated water before human consumption and...

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Published inAsian development review Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 21 - 44
Main Authors Krupoff, Matthew, Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq, van Geen, Alexander
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Manila MIT Press 01.09.2020
Asian Development Bank
World Scientific Publishing
Subjects
Arsenic
Arsenic removal
Behavior
Consumers
Consumption
Contaminated water
Disease prevention
Drinking water
Groundwater
health behavior
Health education
Households
Human body
Infant mortality
Poisoning
Productivity
Public health
Social sciences
Surface water
Tropical diseases
water quality
Bangladesh
South Asia
water quality
health behavior
arsenic
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Abstract The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as “the largest mass poisoning in human history.” Various technical solutions to the problem fall into one of two broad categories: (i) cleaning contaminated water before human consumption and (ii) encouraging people to switch to less contaminated water sources. In this paper, we review research on the behavioral, social, political, and economic factors that determine the field-level effectiveness of the suite of technical solutions and the complexities that arise when scaling such solutions to reach large numbers of people. We highlight the conceptual links between arsenic-mitigation policy interventions and other development projects in Bangladesh and elsewhere, as analyzed by development economists, that can shed light on the key social and behavioral mechanisms at play. We conclude by identifying the most promising policy interventions to counter the arsenic crisis in Bangladesh. We support a national well-testing program combined with interventions that address the key market failures (affordability, coordination failures, and elite and political capture of public funds) that currently prevent more deep-well construction in Bangladesh.
AbstractList The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as "the largest mass poisoning in human history." Arsenic contamination of drinking water is one such important challenge, and this paper describes the scope of that problem, technical solutions that can reduce contamination, and the design of policies to encourage widespread adoption of a solution that could effectively address this public health threat. The interventions we review fall under two broad classes of strategies: (i) either remove arsenic from contaminated water before it enters the human body or (ii) encourage consumers to switch to a different water source with a lower arsenic concentration. [...]the groundwater in many countries in South and Southeast Asia (including India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Viet Nam) is contaminated to some degree (Ravenscroft, Brammer, and Richards 2009).
The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as “the largest mass poisoning in human history.” Various technical solutions to the problem fall into one of two broad categories: (i) cleaning contaminated water before human consumption and (ii) encouraging people to switch to less contaminated water sources. In this paper, we review research on the behavioral, social, political, and economic factors that determine the field-level effectiveness of the suite of technical solutions and the complexities that arise when scaling such solutions to reach large numbers of people. We highlight the conceptual links between arsenic-mitigation policy interventions and other development projects in Bangladesh and elsewhere, as analyzed by development economists, that can shed light on the key social and behavioral mechanisms at play. We conclude by identifying the most promising policy interventions to counter the arsenic crisis in Bangladesh. We support a national well-testing program combined with interventions that address the key market failures (affordability, coordination failures, and elite and political capture of public funds) that currently prevent more deep-well construction in Bangladesh.
Author Krupoff, Matthew
van Geen, Alexander
Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq
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The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as "the largest mass poisoning in human history."...
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SubjectTerms Arsenic
Arsenic removal
Behavior
Consumers
Consumption
Contaminated water
Disease prevention
Drinking water
Groundwater
health behavior
Health education
Households
Human body
Infant mortality
Poisoning
Productivity
Public health
Social sciences
Surface water
Tropical diseases
water quality
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Title Evaluating Strategies to Reduce Arsenic Poisoning in South Asia: A View from the Social Sciences
URI http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1162/adev_a_00148
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2474919987
https://doaj.org/article/be974b57cd6f453aa71fff4820d503f2
Volume 37
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