M2‐like tumor‐associated macrophages promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition through the transforming growth factor β/Smad/zinc finger e‐box binding homeobox pathway with increased metastatic potential and tumor cell proliferation in lung squamous cell carcinoma

• Published in: Cancer science Vol. 114; no. 12; pp. 4521 - 4534
• Main Authors: Sumitomo, Ryota, Menju, Toshi, Shimazu, Yumeta, Toyazaki, Toshiya, Chiba, Naohisa, Miyamoto, Hideaki, Hirayama, Yutaka, Nishikawa, Shigeto, Tanaka, Satona, Yutaka, Yojiro, Yamada, Yoshito, Nakajima, Daisuke, Ohsumi, Akihiro, Hamaji, Masatsugu, Sato, Atsuyasu, Yoshizawa, Akihiko, Huang, Cheng‐Long, Haga, Hironori, Date, Hiroshi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.12.2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Cancer therapies; CD163 antigen; Cell proliferation; Cells; E-cadherin; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; epithelial–mesenchymal transition; Growth factors; Homeobox; Immunohistochemistry; Leukocyte migration; Ligands; Lung cancer; Lung carcinoma; lung squamous cell carcinoma; Macrophages; Medical prognosis; Metastases; Metastasis; Monocytes; Nitric oxide; Original; Patients; Smad protein; Smad3 protein; Squamous cell carcinoma; Stroma; Transcription factors; Transforming growth factor-b; Transforming growth factor-b1; Tumors; tumor‐associated macrophage; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vimentin; Western blotting; Zinc finger proteins; tumor-associated macrophage; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; vimentin; E-cadherin; lung squamous cell carcinoma

Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes primary tumor progression toward a metastatic state. The role of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in inducing EMT in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the significance of TAMs in relation to EMT in LUSC. We co...