Impairment of starch biosynthesis results in elevated oxidative stress and autophagy activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress...
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Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 9856 - 9 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Nature Publishing Group
08.07.2019
Nature Publishing Group UK |
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Abstract | Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild-type and a starchless (sta6) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the sta6 mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The sta6 mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H
O
, whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including ATG1, ATG101, and ATG8 were maintained in the sta6 mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the sta6 mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H
O
was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the sta6 mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production. |
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AbstractList | Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
wild-type and a starchless (
sta6
) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the
sta6
mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The
sta6
mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H
2
O
2
, whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including
ATG1
,
ATG101
, and
ATG8
were maintained in the
sta6
mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the
sta6
mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H
2
O
2
was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the
sta6
mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production. Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild-type and a starchless (sta6) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the sta6 mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The sta6 mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including ATG1, ATG101, and ATG8 were maintained in the sta6 mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the sta6 mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H2O2 was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the sta6 mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production. Abstract Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild-type and a starchless ( sta6 ) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the sta6 mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The sta6 mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 , whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including ATG1 , ATG101 , and ATG8 were maintained in the sta6 mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the sta6 mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H 2 O 2 was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the sta6 mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production. Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild-type and a starchless (sta6) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the sta6 mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The sta6 mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H O , whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including ATG1, ATG101, and ATG8 were maintained in the sta6 mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the sta6 mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H O was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the sta6 mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production. |
ArticleNumber | 9856 |
Author | Kim, Hee-Sik Cho, Kichul Kim, Urim Lee, Yong Jae Tran, Quynh-Giao Park, Su-Bin |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Quynh-Giao surname: Tran fullname: Tran, Quynh-Giao organization: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Kichul surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Kichul organization: Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Campus E 7.1, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Su-Bin surname: Park fullname: Park, Su-Bin organization: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Urim surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Urim organization: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Yong Jae surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Yong Jae organization: Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Hee-Sik surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hee-Sik email: hkim@kribb.re.kr, hkim@kribb.re.kr organization: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. hkim@kribb.re.kr |
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Snippet | Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems,... Abstract Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian... |
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SubjectTerms | Algae Aquatic microorganisms Autophagy Autophagy - physiology Biodegradation Carbohydrate Metabolism - physiology Carbon - metabolism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - metabolism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - physiology Growth conditions Hydrogen peroxide Lipid peroxidation Lipid Peroxidation - physiology Lipids Lipids - physiology Nitrogen - metabolism Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - physiology Phagocytosis Phenotype Phenotypes Starch Starch - biosynthesis Up-Regulation - physiology |
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Title | Impairment of starch biosynthesis results in elevated oxidative stress and autophagy activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
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