Methods of Lysergic Acid Synthesis—The Key Ergot Alkaloid

Ergot is the spore form of the fungus Claviceps purpurea. Ergot alkaloids are indole compounds that are biosynthetically derived from L-tryptophan and represent the largest group of fungal nitrogen metabolites found in nature. The common part of ergot alkaloids is lysergic acid. This review shows th...

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Published inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 21; p. 7322
Main Authors Jastrzębski, Michał K, Kaczor, Agnieszka A, Wróbel, Tomasz M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 28.10.2022
MDPI
Subjects
16th century
Alkaloids
Biosynthesis
Chemical compounds
Contamination
Coupling methods
Dopamine
Epidemics
Ergot
Ergot alkaloids
Gangrene
Gynecology
Heart rate
Intermediates
LSD
lysergic acid
Lysergic acid diethylamide
Metabolites
Methods
Migraine
Molecular weight
Physiological aspects
Plant diseases
Poisoning
Review
Serotonin
total synthesis
Tryptophan
Germany
Europe
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Summary:Ergot is the spore form of the fungus Claviceps purpurea. Ergot alkaloids are indole compounds that are biosynthetically derived from L-tryptophan and represent the largest group of fungal nitrogen metabolites found in nature. The common part of ergot alkaloids is lysergic acid. This review shows the importance of lysergic acid as a representative of ergot alkaloids. The subject of ergot and its alkaloids is presented, with a particular focus on lysergic acid. All methods of total lysergic acid synthesis—through Woodward, Hendrickson, and Szantay intermediates and Heck coupling methods—are presented. The topic of biosynthesis is also discussed.
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ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules27217322