Clinical Symptoms of Arboviruses in Mexico

Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, man...

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Published inPathogens (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 11; p. 964
Main Authors Ananth, Sushmitha, Shrestha, Nistha, Treviño C., Jesús A., Nguyen, Uyen-sa, Haque, Ubydul, Angulo-Molina, Aracely, Lopez-Lemus, Uriel A., Lubinda, Jailos, Sharif, Rashed Md, Zaki, Rafdzah Ahmad, Sánchez Casas, Rosa María, Cervantes, Diana, Nandy, Rajesh
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 19.11.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Age groups
Chikungunya
Chikungunya virus
Dengue
Dengue fever
Diagnostic systems
epidemiology
Females
Headaches
Health policy
Infections
Males
Mosquitoes
Pruritus
Public health
Regions
Regression analysis
Rural areas
Temporal variations
Vector-borne diseases
Viruses
Zika virus
Brazil
Mexico
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Abstract Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.
AbstractList Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.
Author Sharif, Rashed Md
Shrestha, Nistha
Treviño C., Jesús A.
Cervantes, Diana
Ananth, Sushmitha
Lopez-Lemus, Uriel A.
Sánchez Casas, Rosa María
Nandy, Rajesh
Haque, Ubydul
Zaki, Rafdzah Ahmad
Nguyen, Uyen-sa
Angulo-Molina, Aracely
Lubinda, Jailos
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Health Sciences, Center for Biodefense and Global Infectious Diseases, Colima 28078, Mexico; ulemus@cebgid.org
2 Department of Urban Affairs at the School of Architecture, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Léon, Mexico; jesus.trevinocn@uanl.edu.mx
7 Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; rafdzah@ummc.edu.my
3 Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences/DIFUS, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; aracely.angulo@unison.mx
8 Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo Léon, Mexico; sanchezcasasrossy@yahoo.com
5 School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; lubinda-j@ulster.ac.uk
1 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Urban Affairs at the School of Architecture, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Léon, Mexico; jesus.trevinocn@uanl.edu.mx
– name: 7 Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; rafdzah@ummc.edu.my
– name: 8 Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo Léon, Mexico; sanchezcasasrossy@yahoo.com
– name: 6 Department of Biochemistry, Naogaon Medical College, Naogaon 6500, Bangladesh; naogaonmc@ac.dghs.gov.bd
– name: 4 Department of Health Sciences, Center for Biodefense and Global Infectious Diseases, Colima 28078, Mexico; ulemus@cebgid.org
– name: 5 School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; lubinda-j@ulster.ac.uk
– name: 3 Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences/DIFUS, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; aracely.angulo@unison.mx
– name: 1 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; sushmitha.ananth@unthsc.edu (S.A.); nistha.shrestha@unthsc.edu (N.S.); Uyen-sa.Nguyen@unthsc.edu (U.-s.N.); Diana.Cervantes@unthsc.edu (D.C.); Rajesh.Nandy@unthsc.edu (R.N.)
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Snippet Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing...
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StartPage 964
SubjectTerms Age groups
Chikungunya
Chikungunya virus
Dengue
Dengue fever
Diagnostic systems
epidemiology
Females
Headaches
Health policy
Infections
Males
Mosquitoes
Pruritus
Public health
Regions
Regression analysis
Rural areas
Temporal variations
Vector-borne diseases
Viruses
Zika virus
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Title Clinical Symptoms of Arboviruses in Mexico
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Volume 9
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