Hayek’s treatment of legal positivism
Friedrich Hayek devoted the later part of his career to investigating the legal rules required for the existence of a free society. The subject of this paper is Hayek’s treatment of legal positivism, which he thought was the most important intellectual movement responsible for the decline of liberal...
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| Published in | European journal of law and economics Vol. 51; no. 3; pp. 563 - 576 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
Springer US
01.06.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0929-1261 1572-9990 1572-9346 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10657-021-09684-8 |
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| Abstract | Friedrich Hayek devoted the later part of his career to investigating the legal rules required for the existence of a free society. The subject of this paper is Hayek’s treatment of legal positivism, which he thought was the most important intellectual movement responsible for the decline of liberal institutions in Europe in the early twentieth century. As shown in the paper, Hayek’s critique consists of two separate arguments: that legal positivism destroys the rule of law and that it amounts to constructivism. The first claim rests on the assumption that “true” laws comply with the rule of law principle, although the meaning of the adjective true is ambiguous. The second claim holds only for a particular variant of legal positivism. In addition to discussing these issues, the paper provides an assessment of Hayek’s own evolutionary theory of law, which was intended as an alternative to both legal positivism and natural law theory. |
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| AbstractList | Friedrich Hayek devoted the later part of his career to investigating the legal rules required for the existence of a free society. The subject of this paper is Hayek’s treatment of legal positivism, which he thought was the most important intellectual movement responsible for the decline of liberal institutions in Europe in the early twentieth century. As shown in the paper, Hayek’s critique consists of two separate arguments: that legal positivism destroys the rule of law and that it amounts to constructivism. The first claim rests on the assumption that “true” laws comply with the rule of law principle, although the meaning of the adjective true is ambiguous. The second claim holds only for a particular variant of legal positivism. In addition to discussing these issues, the paper provides an assessment of Hayek’s own evolutionary theory of law, which was intended as an alternative to both legal positivism and natural law theory. |
| Author | Nientiedt, Daniel |
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| Cites_doi | 10.7208/chicago/9780226321158.001.0001 10.1215/9780822390589 10.7208/chicago/9780226320519.001.0001 10.2307/1338225 10.1093/ojls/13.2.201 10.1080/10370196.1997.11733246 10.1007/s10602-019-09275-5 10.1007/978-1-349-04268-5 10.2307/1598947 10.1515/9783111645315 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695553.001.0001 10.7208/chicago/9780226320533.001.0001 10.4324/9780203438343 10.2307/2550307 10.1093/ojls/gqi041 10.4324/9780203962213 10.7208/chicago/9780226321264.001.0001 10.1017/S1053837209990332 10.4159/9780674042292 10.1093/he/9780199644704.001.0001 10.2139/ssrn.2323013 10.1007/s10602-006-9004-y 10.1086/292299 |
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| References | SavignyFCOf the Vocation of Our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence1831LondonLittlewood & Co SchmittCConstitutional theory2008DurhamDuke University Press10.1215/9780822390589 Hayek, F. A. (2007). The road to serfdom. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 2, edited by B. Caldwell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DiamondAMF. A. Hayek on constructivism and ethicsJournal of Libertarian Studies198044353365 HayekFAThe counter-revolution of science: Studies on the abuse of reason1952Glencoe, ILFree Press NientiedtDMetaphysical justification for an economic constitution? Franz Böhm and the concept of natural lawConstitutional Political Economy201930111412910.1007/s10602-019-09275-5 Hayek, F. A. (1978a). The errors of constructivism. In New studies in philosophy politics, economics and the history of ideas (pp. 3–22). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. BarryNPHayek’s social and economic philosophy1979LondonMacmillan10.1007/978-1-349-04268-5 HoppeH-HThe ultimate justification of the private property ethicLiberty1988212022 Hayek, F. A. (1967). The results of human action but not of human design. In Studies in philosophy, politics and economics (pp. 96–105). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. HartHLAPositivism and the separation of law and moralsHarvard Law Review195871459362910.2307/1338225 Hayek, F. A. (1988). The fatal conceit: The errors of socialism. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 1, edited by W. W. Bartley III. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hobbes, T. (1909). Leviathan. Reprinted from the edition of 1651. Oxford: Clarendon Press. LewisPLewinPOrders, orders, everywhere… on Hayek’s The Market and Other OrdersCosmos and Taxis201522117 GrayJHayek on liberty, rights, and justiceEthics1981921738410.1086/292299 Leiter, B. (2013). Why legal positivism (again)? University of Chicago Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper No. 442. KelsenHAllgemeine staatslehre1925BerlinJulius Springer SchmittCChristiRStrong state and sound economy: An address to business leadersCarl Schmitt and authoritarian liberalism1998CardiffUniversity of Wales Press212232 HallowellJHThe decline of liberalism as an ideology. With particular reference to German politico-legal thought1943BerkeleyUniversity of California Press CaldwellBReview: Erik Angner, Hayek and Natural LawJournal of the History of Economic Thought200931455155510.1017/S1053837209990332 HayekFALaw, legislation and liberty, volume 2: The mirage of social justice1976ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press PoundRThe spirit of the common law1921FrancestownMarshall Jones Co. DworkinRMThe model of rulesUniversity of Chicago Law Review1967351144610.2307/1598947 HänelADas Gesetz im formellen und materiellen Sinne. Studien zum Deutschen Staatsrechte1888LeipzigH. Haessel Hayek, F. A. (1978b). The destruction of classical liberalism by legal positivism. Friedrich A. von Hayek Papers, Box 130, Folder 4, Hoover Institution Archives. KelsenHGeneral theory of law and state1945Cambridge, MAHarvard University Press CaldwellBHayek’s challenge: An intellectual biography of F. A. Hayek2004ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press AustinJThe province of jurisprudence determined1832LondonJohn Murray Locke, J. (1764). The two treatises of civil government. London: A. Millar et al. HayekFANobel prize-winning economist oral history transcript1983Los AngelesUniversity of California CaldwellBDurlaufSNBlumeLEHayek, Friedrich August von (1899–1992)The New Palgrave dictionary of economics20082LondonPalgrave Macmillan856862 HayekFAThe political ideal of the rule of law1955CairoNational Bank of Egypt HayekFAReview: The decline of liberalism as an ideology. With particular reference to German politico-legal thought by John H. HallowellEconomica (New Series)19441143159 AngnerEHayek and natural law2007AbingdonRoutledge10.4324/9780203962213 PosnerRALaw, pragmatism, and democracy2003Cambridge, MAHarvard University Press KelsenHIntroduction to the problems of legal theory: A translation of the first edition of the Reine Rechtslehre or pure theory of law1992OxfordClarendon Press RothbardMNThe ethics of liberty1998New YorkNew York University Press ShearmurJHayek, Keynes and the StateHistory of Economics Review1997261688210.1080/10370196.1997.11733246 RadbruchGStatutory lawlessness and supra-statutory lawOxford Journal of Legal Studies200626111110.1093/ojls/gqi041 RazJLegal validityArchiv für Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie1977633339353 FinnisJNatural law and natural rights20112OxfordOxford University Press RatnapalaSThe trident case and the evolutionary theory of F. A. HayekOxford Journal of Legal Studies199313220122610.1093/ojls/13.2.201 ShearmurJHayek and After: Hayekian liberalism as a research programme1996LondonRoutledge10.4324/9780203438343 HamowyRHayek’s concept of freedom: A critiqueNew Individualist Review1961113235 White, L. H. (2015). Editor’s introduction. In Capital and interest. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 11, edited by L. H. White (pp. ix–xxxii). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F. A. (2011). The constitution of liberty. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 17, edited by R. Hamowy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. HayekFALaw, legislation and liberty, volume 1: Rules and order1973ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press ZywickiTJHayek’s jurisprudence: And Ratnapala’s HayekUniversity of Queensland Law Journal2014332311320 SchmittCUnabhängigkeit der Richter, Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz und Gewährleistung des Privateigentums nach der Weimarer Verfassung: Ein Rechtsgutachten zu den Gesetzentwürfen über die Vermögensauseinandersetzung mit den früher regierenden Fürstenhäusern1926BerlinWalter de Gruyter10.1515/9783111645315 GardnerJLaw as a leap of faith: Essays on law in general2012OxfordOxford University Press10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695553.001.0001 BerggrenNLegal positivism and property rights: A critique of Hayek and PeczenikConstitutional Political Economy200617321723510.1007/s10602-006-9004-y HayekFALaw, legislation and liberty, volume 3: The political order of a free people1979ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press10.7208/chicago/9780226321264.001.0001 HartHLAThe concept of law20123OxfordOxford University Press10.1093/he/9780199644704.001.0001 C Schmitt (9684_CR48) 1998 9684_CR38 9684_CR36 FA Hayek (9684_CR19) 1952 FA Hayek (9684_CR18) 1944; 11 9684_CR31 9684_CR30 J Finnis (9684_CR10) 2011 JH Hallowell (9684_CR13) 1943 C Schmitt (9684_CR49) 2008 D Nientiedt (9684_CR39) 2019; 30 J Shearmur (9684_CR50) 1996 E Angner (9684_CR1) 2007 N Berggren (9684_CR4) 2006; 17 J Gardner (9684_CR11) 2012 A Hänel (9684_CR15) 1888 HLA Hart (9684_CR17) 2012 9684_CR29 H Kelsen (9684_CR35) 1992 B Caldwell (9684_CR5) 2004 9684_CR28 J Raz (9684_CR44) 1977; 63 9684_CR25 J Austin (9684_CR2) 1832 FA Hayek (9684_CR20) 1955 9684_CR24 FA Hayek (9684_CR22) 1973 S Ratnapala (9684_CR43) 1993; 13 9684_CR21 FA Hayek (9684_CR26) 1979 H Kelsen (9684_CR33) 1925 RA Posner (9684_CR40) 2003 FC Savigny (9684_CR46) 1831 C Schmitt (9684_CR47) 1926 HLA Hart (9684_CR16) 1958; 71 G Radbruch (9684_CR42) 2006; 26 J Shearmur (9684_CR51) 1997; 26 B Caldwell (9684_CR6) 2008 TJ Zywicki (9684_CR53) 2014; 33 FA Hayek (9684_CR27) 1983 9684_CR52 MN Rothbard (9684_CR45) 1998 NP Barry (9684_CR3) 1979 FA Hayek (9684_CR23) 1976 P Lewis (9684_CR37) 2015; 2 R Pound (9684_CR41) 1921 H-H Hoppe (9684_CR32) 1988; 2 AM Diamond (9684_CR8) 1980; 4 RM Dworkin (9684_CR9) 1967; 35 J Gray (9684_CR12) 1981; 92 B Caldwell (9684_CR7) 2009; 31 R Hamowy (9684_CR14) 1961; 1 H Kelsen (9684_CR34) 1945 |
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With particular reference to German politico-legal thought1943BerkeleyUniversity of California Press – reference: ShearmurJHayek and After: Hayekian liberalism as a research programme1996LondonRoutledge10.4324/9780203438343 – reference: ShearmurJHayek, Keynes and the StateHistory of Economics Review1997261688210.1080/10370196.1997.11733246 – reference: LewisPLewinPOrders, orders, everywhere… on Hayek’s The Market and Other OrdersCosmos and Taxis201522117 – reference: CaldwellBReview: Erik Angner, Hayek and Natural LawJournal of the History of Economic Thought200931455155510.1017/S1053837209990332 – reference: KelsenHIntroduction to the problems of legal theory: A translation of the first edition of the Reine Rechtslehre or pure theory of law1992OxfordClarendon Press – reference: NientiedtDMetaphysical justification for an economic constitution? Franz Böhm and the concept of natural lawConstitutional Political Economy201930111412910.1007/s10602-019-09275-5 – reference: Hayek, F. A. (1967). The results of human action but not of human design. In Studies in philosophy, politics and economics (pp. 96–105). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. – reference: KelsenHAllgemeine staatslehre1925BerlinJulius Springer – reference: HartHLAPositivism and the separation of law and moralsHarvard Law Review195871459362910.2307/1338225 – reference: HänelADas Gesetz im formellen und materiellen Sinne. Studien zum Deutschen Staatsrechte1888LeipzigH. Haessel – reference: HayekFANobel prize-winning economist oral history transcript1983Los AngelesUniversity of California – reference: DworkinRMThe model of rulesUniversity of Chicago Law Review1967351144610.2307/1598947 – reference: RadbruchGStatutory lawlessness and supra-statutory lawOxford Journal of Legal Studies200626111110.1093/ojls/gqi041 – reference: SchmittCConstitutional theory2008DurhamDuke University Press10.1215/9780822390589 – reference: HoppeH-HThe ultimate justification of the private property ethicLiberty1988212022 – reference: AustinJThe province of jurisprudence determined1832LondonJohn Murray – reference: Hayek, F. A. (2011). The constitution of liberty. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 17, edited by R. Hamowy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. – reference: Hayek, F. A. (1978b). The destruction of classical liberalism by legal positivism. Friedrich A. von Hayek Papers, Box 130, Folder 4, Hoover Institution Archives. – reference: Hobbes, T. (1909). Leviathan. Reprinted from the edition of 1651. Oxford: Clarendon Press. – reference: RatnapalaSThe trident case and the evolutionary theory of F. A. HayekOxford Journal of Legal Studies199313220122610.1093/ojls/13.2.201 – reference: Leiter, B. (2013). Why legal positivism (again)? University of Chicago Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper No. 442. – reference: CaldwellBDurlaufSNBlumeLEHayek, Friedrich August von (1899–1992)The New Palgrave dictionary of economics20082LondonPalgrave Macmillan856862 – reference: PoundRThe spirit of the common law1921FrancestownMarshall Jones Co. – reference: AngnerEHayek and natural law2007AbingdonRoutledge10.4324/9780203962213 – reference: CaldwellBHayek’s challenge: An intellectual biography of F. A. Hayek2004ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press – reference: White, L. H. (2015). Editor’s introduction. In Capital and interest. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 11, edited by L. H. White (pp. ix–xxxii). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. – reference: GrayJHayek on liberty, rights, and justiceEthics1981921738410.1086/292299 – reference: ZywickiTJHayek’s jurisprudence: And Ratnapala’s HayekUniversity of Queensland Law Journal2014332311320 – reference: DiamondAMF. A. Hayek on constructivism and ethicsJournal of Libertarian Studies198044353365 – reference: SavignyFCOf the Vocation of Our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence1831LondonLittlewood & Co – reference: SchmittCUnabhängigkeit der Richter, Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz und Gewährleistung des Privateigentums nach der Weimarer Verfassung: Ein Rechtsgutachten zu den Gesetzentwürfen über die Vermögensauseinandersetzung mit den früher regierenden Fürstenhäusern1926BerlinWalter de Gruyter10.1515/9783111645315 – reference: HamowyRHayek’s concept of freedom: A critiqueNew Individualist Review1961113235 – reference: RazJLegal validityArchiv für Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie1977633339353 – reference: Hayek, F. A. (1988). The fatal conceit: The errors of socialism. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 1, edited by W. W. Bartley III. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. – reference: RothbardMNThe ethics of liberty1998New YorkNew York University Press – reference: BerggrenNLegal positivism and property rights: A critique of Hayek and PeczenikConstitutional Political Economy200617321723510.1007/s10602-006-9004-y – reference: GardnerJLaw as a leap of faith: Essays on law in general2012OxfordOxford University Press10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695553.001.0001 – reference: Locke, J. (1764). The two treatises of civil government. London: A. 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| SubjectTerms | Ambiguity Claims Commercial Law Constructivism Economics Economics and Finance European Integration Law and Economics Natural law Positivism Public Finance Rule of law |
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| Title | Hayek’s treatment of legal positivism |
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