Commensal Gut Bacteria Convert the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus to Less Potent Metabolites - Guo, Yukuang; Crnkovic, Camila Manoel; Won, Kyoung-Jae; Yang, Xiaotong; Lee, John Richard; Orjala, Jimmy; Lee, Hyunwoo; Jeong, Hyunyoung (Drug metabolism and disposition, 2019)
Keywords: Administration, Oral; Adult; Adults; Aged; Bacteria; Cells, Cultured; Dosage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii - metabolism; Feces - chemistry; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Graft Rejection - immunology; Graft Rejection - prevention & control; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy - methods; Immunosuppressive Agents - administration & dosage; Immunosuppressive Agents - analysis; Immunosuppressive Agents - metabolism; Kidney transplantation; Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects; Kidneys; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Leukocytes, Mononuclear - drug effects; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Male; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microsomes; Middle Aged; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Pharmacology; Purification; Symbiosis; Tacrolimus; Tacrolimus - administration & dosage; Tacrolimus - analysis; Tacrolimus - metabolism; PBS; P-gp; rRNA; m/z; OD600; MS/MS; PBMC; HPLC