Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?
Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐ and nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity. There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechan...
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| Published in | Cancer science Vol. 110; no. 7; pp. 2080 - 2089 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.07.2019
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1347-9032 1349-7006 1349-7006 |
| DOI | 10.1111/cas.14069 |
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| Abstract | Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐ and nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity. There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4, interleukin (IL)‐2 consumption by high‐affinity IL‐2 receptors with high CD25 (IL‐2 receptor α‐chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells. Infiltration of Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs in multiple murine and human tumors. Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the TME by chemokine gradients such as CCR4‐CCL17/22, CCR8‐CCL1, CCR10‐CCL28, and CXCR3‐CCL9/10/11. Regulatory T cells are then activated and inhibit antitumor immune responses. A high infiltration by Treg cells is associated with poor survival in various types of cancer. Therefore, strategies to deplete Treg cells and control of Treg cell functions to increase antitumor immune responses are urgently required in the cancer immunotherapy field. Various molecules that are highly expressed by Treg cells, such as immune checkpoint molecules, chemokine receptors, and metabolites, have been targeted by Abs or small molecules, but additional strategies are needed to fine‐tune and optimize for augmenting antitumor effects restricted in the TME while avoiding systemic autoimmunity. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of these cells in cancer and how they can be controlled to achieve therapeutic outcomes.
Regulatory T cells suppress immune functions through various mechanisms such as cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐mediated suppression of antigen‐presenting cell function, consumption of interleukin‐2, production of immunosuppressive cytokines, and production of immune suppressive metabolites. |
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| AbstractList | Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self- and nonself-antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity. There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, interleukin (IL)-2 consumption by high-affinity IL-2 receptors with high CD25 (IL-2 receptor α-chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells. Infiltration of Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs in multiple murine and human tumors. Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the TME by chemokine gradients such as CCR4-CCL17/22, CCR8-CCL1, CCR10-CCL28, and CXCR3-CCL9/10/11. Regulatory T cells are then activated and inhibit antitumor immune responses. A high infiltration by Treg cells is associated with poor survival in various types of cancer. Therefore, strategies to deplete Treg cells and control of Treg cell functions to increase antitumor immune responses are urgently required in the cancer immunotherapy field. Various molecules that are highly expressed by Treg cells, such as immune checkpoint molecules, chemokine receptors, and metabolites, have been targeted by Abs or small molecules, but additional strategies are needed to fine-tune and optimize for augmenting antitumor effects restricted in the TME while avoiding systemic autoimmunity. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of these cells in cancer and how they can be controlled to achieve therapeutic outcomes. Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self- and nonself-antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity. There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, interleukin (IL)-2 consumption by high-affinity IL-2 receptors with high CD25 (IL-2 receptor α-chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells. Infiltration of Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs in multiple murine and human tumors. Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the TME by chemokine gradients such as CCR4-CCL17/22, CCR8-CCL1, CCR10-CCL28, and CXCR3-CCL9/10/11. Regulatory T cells are then activated and inhibit antitumor immune responses. A high infiltration by Treg cells is associated with poor survival in various types of cancer. Therefore, strategies to deplete Treg cells and control of Treg cell functions to increase antitumor immune responses are urgently required in the cancer immunotherapy field. Various molecules that are highly expressed by Treg cells, such as immune checkpoint molecules, chemokine receptors, and metabolites, have been targeted by Abs or small molecules, but additional strategies are needed to fine-tune and optimize for augmenting antitumor effects restricted in the TME while avoiding systemic autoimmunity. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of these cells in cancer and how they can be controlled to achieve therapeutic outcomes.Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self- and nonself-antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity. There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, interleukin (IL)-2 consumption by high-affinity IL-2 receptors with high CD25 (IL-2 receptor α-chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells. Infiltration of Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs in multiple murine and human tumors. Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the TME by chemokine gradients such as CCR4-CCL17/22, CCR8-CCL1, CCR10-CCL28, and CXCR3-CCL9/10/11. Regulatory T cells are then activated and inhibit antitumor immune responses. A high infiltration by Treg cells is associated with poor survival in various types of cancer. Therefore, strategies to deplete Treg cells and control of Treg cell functions to increase antitumor immune responses are urgently required in the cancer immunotherapy field. Various molecules that are highly expressed by Treg cells, such as immune checkpoint molecules, chemokine receptors, and metabolites, have been targeted by Abs or small molecules, but additional strategies are needed to fine-tune and optimize for augmenting antitumor effects restricted in the TME while avoiding systemic autoimmunity. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of these cells in cancer and how they can be controlled to achieve therapeutic outcomes. Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐ and nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity. There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4, interleukin (IL)‐2 consumption by high‐affinity IL‐2 receptors with high CD25 (IL‐2 receptor α‐chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells. Infiltration of Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs in multiple murine and human tumors. Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the TME by chemokine gradients such as CCR4‐CCL17/22, CCR8‐CCL1, CCR10‐CCL28, and CXCR3‐CCL9/10/11. Regulatory T cells are then activated and inhibit antitumor immune responses. A high infiltration by Treg cells is associated with poor survival in various types of cancer. Therefore, strategies to deplete Treg cells and control of Treg cell functions to increase antitumor immune responses are urgently required in the cancer immunotherapy field. Various molecules that are highly expressed by Treg cells, such as immune checkpoint molecules, chemokine receptors, and metabolites, have been targeted by Abs or small molecules, but additional strategies are needed to fine‐tune and optimize for augmenting antitumor effects restricted in the TME while avoiding systemic autoimmunity. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of these cells in cancer and how they can be controlled to achieve therapeutic outcomes. Regulatory T cells suppress immune functions through various mechanisms such as cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐mediated suppression of antigen‐presenting cell function, consumption of interleukin‐2, production of immunosuppressive cytokines, and production of immune suppressive metabolites. |
| Author | Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi Ohue, Yoshihiro |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Immunology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan 1 Division of Cancer Immunology Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Division of Cancer Immunology Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan – name: 2 Department of Immunology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yoshihiro orcidid: 0000-0003-0171-8367 surname: Ohue fullname: Ohue, Yoshihiro organization: Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Hiroyoshi orcidid: 0000-0001-6563-9807 surname: Nishikawa fullname: Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi email: hnishika@ncc.go.jp organization: Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31102428$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2019 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association. 2019 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association. 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| Snippet | Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐ and nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg... Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self- and nonself-antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg... |
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| Title | Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target? |
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