Feeding by the Newly Described, Nematocyst-Bearing Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense
We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst‐bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession number=FR720082). Using several different types of microscopes and high‐resolution video‐microscopy, we investigated feeding behavior and types of prey...
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| Published in | The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology Vol. 58; no. 6; pp. 511 - 524 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.11.2011
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst‐bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession number=FR720082). Using several different types of microscopes and high‐resolution video‐microscopy, we investigated feeding behavior and types of prey species that G. shiwhaense feeds upon. Additionally, we measured its growth and ingestion rates on its optimal algal prey, the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. and the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, as a function of prey concentration. These rates were measured for other edible prey at single prey concentrations at which the growth and ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense were saturated. After anchoring the prey with a tow filament, G. shiwhaense fed using a peduncle, ingesting small algal species with equivalent spherical diameters (ESDs) of <13 μm. However, it did not feed on larger algal species that had ESDs≥13 μm or the small diatom Skeletonema costatum. The specific growth rates for G. shiwhaense feeding upon Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae increased rapidly with increasing mean prey concentration before saturating at concentrations of ca. 180–430 ng C/ml. The maximum specific growth rate of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 1.05 and 0.82/d, respectively. However, Heterosigma akashiwo did not support positive growth of G. shiwhaense. The maximum ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 0.35 and 0.54 ng C/grazer/d, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to G. shiwhaense on co‐occurring cryptophytes and Amphidinium spp. were 0.01–1.87/d and 0.08–2.60/d, respectively. Our results suggest that G. shiwhaense can have a considerable grazing impact on algal populations. |
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| AbstractList | We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst‐bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate
Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense
(GenBank accession number=FR720082). Using several different types of microscopes and high‐resolution video‐microscopy, we investigated feeding behavior and types of prey species that
G. shiwhaense
feeds upon. Additionally, we measured its growth and ingestion rates on its optimal algal prey, the cryptophyte
Teleaulax
sp. and the dinoflagellate
Amphidinium carterae
, as a function of prey concentration. These rates were measured for other edible prey at single prey concentrations at which the growth and ingestion rates of
G. shiwhaense
were saturated. After anchoring the prey with a tow filament,
G. shiwhaense
fed using a peduncle, ingesting small algal species with equivalent spherical diameters (ESDs) of <13 μm. However, it did not feed on larger algal species that had ESDs≥13 μm or the small diatom
Skeletonema costatum
. The specific growth rates for
G. shiwhaense
feeding upon
Teleaulax
sp. and
A. carterae
increased rapidly with increasing mean prey concentration before saturating at concentrations of ca. 180–430 ng C/ml. The maximum specific growth rate of
G. shiwhaense
on
Teleaulax
sp. and
A. carterae
were 1.05 and 0.82/d, respectively. However,
Heterosigma akashiwo
did not support positive growth of
G. shiwhaense
. The maximum ingestion rates of
G. shiwhaense
on
Teleaulax
sp. and
A. carterae
were 0.35 and 0.54 ng C/grazer/d, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to
G. shiwhaense
on co‐occurring cryptophytes and
Amphidinium
spp. were 0.01–1.87/d and 0.08–2.60/d, respectively. Our results suggest that
G. shiwhaense
can have a considerable grazing impact on algal populations. We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst‐bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession number=FR720082). Using several different types of microscopes and high‐resolution video‐microscopy, we investigated feeding behavior and types of prey species that G. shiwhaense feeds upon. Additionally, we measured its growth and ingestion rates on its optimal algal prey, the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. and the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, as a function of prey concentration. These rates were measured for other edible prey at single prey concentrations at which the growth and ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense were saturated. After anchoring the prey with a tow filament, G. shiwhaense fed using a peduncle, ingesting small algal species with equivalent spherical diameters (ESDs) of <13 μm. However, it did not feed on larger algal species that had ESDs≥13 μm or the small diatom Skeletonema costatum. The specific growth rates for G. shiwhaense feeding upon Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae increased rapidly with increasing mean prey concentration before saturating at concentrations of ca. 180–430 ng C/ml. The maximum specific growth rate of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 1.05 and 0.82/d, respectively. However, Heterosigma akashiwo did not support positive growth of G. shiwhaense. The maximum ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 0.35 and 0.54 ng C/grazer/d, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to G. shiwhaense on co‐occurring cryptophytes and Amphidinium spp. were 0.01–1.87/d and 0.08–2.60/d, respectively. Our results suggest that G. shiwhaense can have a considerable grazing impact on algal populations. We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst-bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession number=FR720082). Using several different types of microscopes and high-resolution video-microscopy, we investigated feeding behavior and types of prey species that G. shiwhaense feeds upon. Additionally, we measured its growth and ingestion rates on its optimal algal prey, the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. and the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, as a function of prey concentration. These rates were measured for other edible prey at single prey concentrations at which the growth and ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense were saturated. After anchoring the prey with a tow filament, G. shiwhaense fed using a peduncle, ingesting small algal species with equivalent spherical diameters (ESDs) of <13 mu m. However, it did not feed on larger algal species that had ESDs greater than or equal to 13 mu m or the small diatom Skeletonema costatum. The specific growth rates for G. shiwhaense feeding upon Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae increased rapidly with increasing mean prey concentration before saturating at concentrations of ca. 180-430ngC/ml. The maximum specific growth rate of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 1.05 and 0.82/d, respectively. However, Heterosigma akashiwo did not support positive growth of G. shiwhaense. The maximum ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 0.35 and 0.54ngC/grazer/d, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to G. shiwhaense on co-occurring cryptophytes and Amphidinium spp. were 0.01-1.87/d and 0.08-2.60/d, respectively. Our results suggest that G. shiwhaense can have a considerable grazing impact on algal populations. We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst-bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession number=FR720082). Using several different types of microscopes and high-resolution video-microscopy, we investigated feeding behavior and types of prey species that G. shiwhaense feeds upon. Additionally, we measured its growth and ingestion rates on its optimal algal prey, the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. and the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, as a function of prey concentration. These rates were measured for other edible prey at single prey concentrations at which the growth and ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense were saturated. After anchoring the prey with a tow filament, G. shiwhaense fed using a peduncle, ingesting small algal species with equivalent spherical diameters (ESDs) of <13 μm. However, it did not feed on larger algal species that had ESDs≥13 μm or the small diatom Skeletonema costatum. The specific growth rates for G. shiwhaense feeding upon Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae increased rapidly with increasing mean prey concentration before saturating at concentrations of ca. 180-430 ng C/ml. The maximum specific growth rate of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 1.05 and 0.82/d, respectively. However, Heterosigma akashiwo did not support positive growth of G. shiwhaense. The maximum ingestion rates of G. shiwhaense on Teleaulax sp. and A. carterae were 0.35 and 0.54 ng C/grazer/d, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to G. shiwhaense on co-occurring cryptophytes and Amphidinium spp. were 0.01-1.87/d and 0.08-2.60/d, respectively. Our results suggest that G. shiwhaense can have a considerable grazing impact on algal populations. |
| Author | LEE, KYUNG HA YOO, YEONG DU KANG, NAM SEON JEONG, HAE JIN LEE, KITACK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: HAE JIN surname: JEONG fullname: JEONG, HAE JIN organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: KYUNG HA surname: LEE fullname: LEE, KYUNG HA organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: YEONG DU surname: YOO fullname: YOO, YEONG DU organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: NAM SEON surname: KANG fullname: KANG, NAM SEON organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: KITACK surname: LEE fullname: LEE, KITACK organization: Pohang University of Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea |
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| Keywords | Protozoa Growth Algae harmful algal bloom Feeding Ingestion Dinozoa Food web peduncle Red tide Bloom protist Harmful alga |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst‐bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession... We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst-bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession... We explored the feeding ecology of the newly described, nematocyst‐bearing heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense (GenBank accession... |
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| SubjectTerms | Amphidinium Amphidinium carterae Bacillariophyceae Biological and medical sciences Dinoflagellida - growth & development Dinoflagellida - metabolism Dinoflagellida - physiology Feeding Behavior Food web Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology growth harmful algal bloom Heterosigma akashiwo ingestion Life cycle. Host-agent relationship. Pathogenesis Microscopy - methods peduncle protist Protozoa red tide Skeletonema costatum Teleaulax |
| Title | Feeding by the Newly Described, Nematocyst-Bearing Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense |
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