Baseline-dependent network reactivity to visual input in children with autism spectrum disorder: a magnetoencephalography study

Neuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual stimulation. However, how transitions between different visual states modulate brain network in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate...

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Published inFrontiers in psychiatry Vol. 16; p. 1600973
Main Authors Hirosawa, Tetsu, Soma, Daiki, Sano, Masuhiko, Kameya, Masafumi, Yoshimura, Yuko, Iwasaki, Sumie, Tanaka, Sanae, Kikuchi, Mitsuru
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 16.07.2025
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ISSN1664-0640
1664-0640
DOI10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1600973

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Abstract Neuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual stimulation. However, how transitions between different visual states modulate brain network in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how transitioning from minimal visual input (fixation in a dark room, DR) to a silent video (eyes open, EO) alters functional brain networks in children with ASD compared with their typically developing (TD) peers. We analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from children with ASD (n=23) and TD children (n=31), aged 3-10 years. MEG signals were mapped to 68 cortical regions using the Desikan-Killiany atlas, and functional connectivity was assessed using the phase lag index across five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Graph theoretical analyses quantified the clustering coefficient (C), characteristic path length (L), and small-worldness (SW) to evaluate network organization. Both groups exhibited increased alpha-band clustering coefficients under EO. Notably, baseline (DR) graph metrics predicted EO-induced changes, with higher initial values associated with smaller subsequent increases. Diagnosis-by-condition interactions emerged in the delta and beta bands: children with ASD exhibited more pronounced increases in SW from DR to EO, whereas TD peers showed more modest or opposite shifts. Within the ASD group, larger beta-band SW increases correlated with greater autistic trait severity (Social Responsiveness Scale), whereas in TD children, delta-band increases associated with milder autistic-like traits. These findings reveal age- and diagnosis-specific differences in how visual stimulation reshapes functional brain network organization. They also highlight the potential of network metrics as biomarkers for ASD, though validation in larger, more diverse cohorts is needed to establish clinical relevance.
AbstractList Neuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual stimulation. However, how transitions between different visual states modulate brain network in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how transitioning from minimal visual input (fixation in a dark room, DR) to a silent video (eyes open, EO) alters functional brain networks in children with ASD compared with their typically developing (TD) peers.Background/aimsNeuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual stimulation. However, how transitions between different visual states modulate brain network in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how transitioning from minimal visual input (fixation in a dark room, DR) to a silent video (eyes open, EO) alters functional brain networks in children with ASD compared with their typically developing (TD) peers.We analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from children with ASD (n=23) and TD children (n=31), aged 3-10 years. MEG signals were mapped to 68 cortical regions using the Desikan-Killiany atlas, and functional connectivity was assessed using the phase lag index across five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Graph theoretical analyses quantified the clustering coefficient (C), characteristic path length (L), and small-worldness (SW) to evaluate network organization.MethodsWe analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from children with ASD (n=23) and TD children (n=31), aged 3-10 years. MEG signals were mapped to 68 cortical regions using the Desikan-Killiany atlas, and functional connectivity was assessed using the phase lag index across five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Graph theoretical analyses quantified the clustering coefficient (C), characteristic path length (L), and small-worldness (SW) to evaluate network organization.Both groups exhibited increased alpha-band clustering coefficients under EO. Notably, baseline (DR) graph metrics predicted EO-induced changes, with higher initial values associated with smaller subsequent increases. Diagnosis-by-condition interactions emerged in the delta and beta bands: children with ASD exhibited more pronounced increases in SW from DR to EO, whereas TD peers showed more modest or opposite shifts. Within the ASD group, larger beta-band SW increases correlated with greater autistic trait severity (Social Responsiveness Scale), whereas in TD children, delta-band increases associated with milder autistic-like traits.ResultsBoth groups exhibited increased alpha-band clustering coefficients under EO. Notably, baseline (DR) graph metrics predicted EO-induced changes, with higher initial values associated with smaller subsequent increases. Diagnosis-by-condition interactions emerged in the delta and beta bands: children with ASD exhibited more pronounced increases in SW from DR to EO, whereas TD peers showed more modest or opposite shifts. Within the ASD group, larger beta-band SW increases correlated with greater autistic trait severity (Social Responsiveness Scale), whereas in TD children, delta-band increases associated with milder autistic-like traits.These findings reveal age- and diagnosis-specific differences in how visual stimulation reshapes functional brain network organization. They also highlight the potential of network metrics as biomarkers for ASD, though validation in larger, more diverse cohorts is needed to establish clinical relevance.ConclusionThese findings reveal age- and diagnosis-specific differences in how visual stimulation reshapes functional brain network organization. They also highlight the potential of network metrics as biomarkers for ASD, though validation in larger, more diverse cohorts is needed to establish clinical relevance.
Neuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual stimulation. However, how transitions between different visual states modulate brain network in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how transitioning from minimal visual input (fixation in a dark room, DR) to a silent video (eyes open, EO) alters functional brain networks in children with ASD compared with their typically developing (TD) peers. We analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from children with ASD (n=23) and TD children (n=31), aged 3-10 years. MEG signals were mapped to 68 cortical regions using the Desikan-Killiany atlas, and functional connectivity was assessed using the phase lag index across five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Graph theoretical analyses quantified the clustering coefficient (C), characteristic path length (L), and small-worldness (SW) to evaluate network organization. Both groups exhibited increased alpha-band clustering coefficients under EO. Notably, baseline (DR) graph metrics predicted EO-induced changes, with higher initial values associated with smaller subsequent increases. Diagnosis-by-condition interactions emerged in the delta and beta bands: children with ASD exhibited more pronounced increases in SW from DR to EO, whereas TD peers showed more modest or opposite shifts. Within the ASD group, larger beta-band SW increases correlated with greater autistic trait severity (Social Responsiveness Scale), whereas in TD children, delta-band increases associated with milder autistic-like traits. These findings reveal age- and diagnosis-specific differences in how visual stimulation reshapes functional brain network organization. They also highlight the potential of network metrics as biomarkers for ASD, though validation in larger, more diverse cohorts is needed to establish clinical relevance.
Background/aimsNeuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual stimulation. However, how transitions between different visual states modulate brain network in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how transitioning from minimal visual input (fixation in a dark room, DR) to a silent video (eyes open, EO) alters functional brain networks in children with ASD compared with their typically developing (TD) peers.MethodsWe analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from children with ASD (n=23) and TD children (n=31), aged 3–10 years. MEG signals were mapped to 68 cortical regions using the Desikan–Killiany atlas, and functional connectivity was assessed using the phase lag index across five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Graph theoretical analyses quantified the clustering coefficient (C), characteristic path length (L), and small-worldness (SW) to evaluate network organization.ResultsBoth groups exhibited increased alpha-band clustering coefficients under EO. Notably, baseline (DR) graph metrics predicted EO-induced changes, with higher initial values associated with smaller subsequent increases. Diagnosis-by-condition interactions emerged in the delta and beta bands: children with ASD exhibited more pronounced increases in SW from DR to EO, whereas TD peers showed more modest or opposite shifts. Within the ASD group, larger beta-band SW increases correlated with greater autistic trait severity (Social Responsiveness Scale), whereas in TD children, delta-band increases associated with milder autistic-like traits.ConclusionThese findings reveal age- and diagnosis-specific differences in how visual stimulation reshapes functional brain network organization. They also highlight the potential of network metrics as biomarkers for ASD, though validation in larger, more diverse cohorts is needed to establish clinical relevance.
Author Hirosawa, Tetsu
Kameya, Masafumi
Sano, Masuhiko
Iwasaki, Sumie
Tanaka, Sanae
Kikuchi, Mitsuru
Soma, Daiki
Yoshimura, Yuko
AuthorAffiliation 2 Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
1 Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
3 Faculty of Education, Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Faculty of Education, Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
– name: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
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Keywords small-worldness
visual stimuli
autism spectrum disorder
graph theory
magnetoencephalography
social communication
Language English
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Edited by: Hsiang-Yuan Lin, University of Toronto, Canada
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Reviewed by: Ryouhei Ishii, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
Lindsay M Oberman, National Institute of Mental Health (NIH), United States
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Snippet Neuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to visual...
Background/aimsNeuroimaging studies suggest altered functional brain organization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in response to...
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SubjectTerms autism spectrum disorder
graph theory
magnetoencephalography
Psychiatry
small-worldness
social communication
visual stimuli
Title Baseline-dependent network reactivity to visual input in children with autism spectrum disorder: a magnetoencephalography study
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40740267
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3235032456
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12308501
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