Host Cell Restriction Factors that Limit Influenza A Infection
Viral infection of different cell types induces a unique spectrum of host defence genes, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes encoding other proteins with antiviral potential. Although hundreds of ISGs have been described, the vast majority have not been functionally characterised....
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Published in | Viruses Vol. 9; no. 12; p. 376 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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07.12.2017
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Abstract | Viral infection of different cell types induces a unique spectrum of host defence genes, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes encoding other proteins with antiviral potential. Although hundreds of ISGs have been described, the vast majority have not been functionally characterised. Cellular proteins with putative antiviral activity (hereafter referred to as "restriction factors") can target various steps in the virus life-cycle. In the context of influenza virus infection, restriction factors have been described that target virus entry, genomic replication, translation and virus release. Genome wide analyses, in combination with ectopic overexpression and/or gene silencing studies, have accelerated the identification of restriction factors that are active against influenza and other viruses, as well as providing important insights regarding mechanisms of antiviral activity. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding restriction factors that mediate anti-influenza virus activity and consider the viral countermeasures that are known to limit their impact. Moreover, we consider the strengths and limitations of experimental approaches to study restriction factors, discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo studies, and the potential to exploit restriction factors to limit disease caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses. |
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AbstractList | Viral infection of different cell types induces a unique spectrum of host defence genes, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes encoding other proteins with antiviral potential. Although hundreds of ISGs have been described, the vast majority have not been functionally characterised. Cellular proteins with putative antiviral activity (hereafter referred to as "restriction factors") can target various steps in the virus life-cycle. In the context of influenza virus infection, restriction factors have been described that target virus entry, genomic replication, translation and virus release. Genome wide analyses, in combination with ectopic overexpression and/or gene silencing studies, have accelerated the identification of restriction factors that are active against influenza and other viruses, as well as providing important insights regarding mechanisms of antiviral activity. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding restriction factors that mediate anti-influenza virus activity and consider the viral countermeasures that are known to limit their impact. Moreover, we consider the strengths and limitations of experimental approaches to study restriction factors, discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo studies, and the potential to exploit restriction factors to limit disease caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses. |
Author | Villalón-Letelier, Fernando Brooks, Andrew G Londrigan, Sarah L Saunders, Philippa M Reading, Patrick C |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; fvillalon@student.unimelb.edu.au (F.V.-L.); agbrooks@unimelb.edu.au (A.G.B.); philippa.saunders@unimelb.edu.au (P.M.S.); sarahll@unimelb.edu.au (S.L.L.) |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; fvillalon@student.unimelb.edu.au (F.V.-L.); agbrooks@unimelb.edu.au (A.G.B.); philippa.saunders@unimelb.edu.au (P.M.S.); sarahll@unimelb.edu.au (S.L.L.) – name: 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fernando surname: Villalón-Letelier fullname: Villalón-Letelier, Fernando email: fvillalon@student.unimelb.edu.au organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. fvillalon@student.unimelb.edu.au – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrew G surname: Brooks fullname: Brooks, Andrew G email: agbrooks@unimelb.edu.au organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. agbrooks@unimelb.edu.au – sequence: 3 givenname: Philippa M surname: Saunders fullname: Saunders, Philippa M email: philippa.saunders@unimelb.edu.au organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. philippa.saunders@unimelb.edu.au – sequence: 4 givenname: Sarah L surname: Londrigan fullname: Londrigan, Sarah L email: sarahll@unimelb.edu.au organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. sarahll@unimelb.edu.au – sequence: 5 givenname: Patrick C surname: Reading fullname: Reading, Patrick C email: preading@unimelb.edu.au, preading@unimelb.edu.au organization: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. preading@unimelb.edu.au |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29215570$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Antiviral activity Gene silencing Genomes Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immunologic Factors - metabolism Infections Influenza Influenza A Influenza A virus - immunology innate Interferon interferon-stimulated gene replication restriction factor Review Viral infections Viruses |
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Title | Host Cell Restriction Factors that Limit Influenza A Infection |
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