Several FDA-Approved Drugs Effectively Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection in vitro

To identify drugs that are potentially used for the treatment of COVID-19, the potency of 1403 FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using a robust pseudovirus assay and the candidates were further confirmed by authentic SARS-CoV-2 assay. Four compounds, Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine, Vortioxetine...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in pharmacology Vol. 11; p. 609592
Main Authors Xiong, Hua-Long, Cao, Jia-Li, Shen, Chen-Guang, Ma, Jian, Qiao, Xiao-Yang, Shi, Tian-Shu, Ge, Sheng-Xiang, Ye, Hui-Ming, Zhang, Jun, Yuan, Quan, Zhang, Tian-Ying, Xia, Ning-Shao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 05.02.2021
Subjects
drug combination
drug screening
Pharmacology
pseudovirus assay
SARS-CoV-2
vesicular stomatitis virus
SARS-CoV-2
pseudovirus assay
drug screening
drug combination
vesicular stomatitis virus
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract To identify drugs that are potentially used for the treatment of COVID-19, the potency of 1403 FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using a robust pseudovirus assay and the candidates were further confirmed by authentic SARS-CoV-2 assay. Four compounds, Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine, Vortioxetine (hydrobromide) and Asenapine (hydrochloride), showed potent inhibitory effects in both pseudovirus and authentic virus assay. The combination of Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine and Asenapine (hydrochloride) is much more potent than used alone, with IC50 of 0.34 μM.
AbstractList To identify drugs that are potentially used for the treatment of COVID-19, the potency of 1403 FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using a robust pseudovirus assay and the candidates were further confirmed by authentic SARS-CoV-2 assay. Four compounds, Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine, Vortioxetine (hydrobromide) and Asenapine (hydrochloride), showed potent inhibitory effects in both pseudovirus and authentic virus assay. The combination of Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine and Asenapine (hydrochloride) is much more potent than used alone, with IC50 of 0.34 μM.
Author Shen, Chen-Guang
Yuan, Quan
Ge, Sheng-Xiang
Ye, Hui-Ming
Ma, Jian
Shi, Tian-Shu
Xia, Ning-Shao
Zhang, Tian-Ying
Xiong, Hua-Long
Qiao, Xiao-Yang
Cao, Jia-Li
Zhang, Jun
AuthorAffiliation 3 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen , China
1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen , China
4 School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou , China
2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen , China
– name: 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen , China
– name: 1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen , China
– name: 4 School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou , China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hua-Long
  surname: Xiong
  fullname: Xiong, Hua-Long
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jia-Li
  surname: Cao
  fullname: Cao, Jia-Li
  organization: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Chen-Guang
  surname: Shen
  fullname: Shen, Chen-Guang
  organization: School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jian
  surname: Ma
  fullname: Ma, Jian
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Xiao-Yang
  surname: Qiao
  fullname: Qiao, Xiao-Yang
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Tian-Shu
  surname: Shi
  fullname: Shi, Tian-Shu
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Sheng-Xiang
  surname: Ge
  fullname: Ge, Sheng-Xiang
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Hui-Ming
  surname: Ye
  fullname: Ye, Hui-Ming
  organization: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Jun
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Jun
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Quan
  surname: Yuan
  fullname: Yuan, Quan
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Tian-Ying
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Tian-Ying
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Ning-Shao
  surname: Xia
  fullname: Xia, Ning-Shao
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33613282$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpVkVtr2zAUgEXpWC_rD-jL8ONenEk6kmy9DELaroHAYCl7Fbo5UXEsT3IM_fdzkq6050WHc_kk9F2h8y52HqFbgmcAtfze9FudZhRTPBNYcknP0CURAkpZE3r-Lr9ANzk_4ylAShDsM7oAEARoTS_Rau1Hn3RbPNzNy3nfpzh6V9yl_SYX903j7RBG374Uy24bTBiK9fz3ulzEPyWdSsd27IrQFWMYUvyCPjW6zf7m9bxGTw_3T4vHcvXr53IxX5WWCT6UnjnNhRGWYMEs1ZZQQ4CDsY7zihpZN4RYiwUVXApsqSC1I5xjZzA4gGu0PGFd1M-qT2Gn04uKOqhjIaaN0mkItvVKSiuMIZzVRLBKGG1kw5nXxAvqMOiJ9ePE6vdm55313TD9xgfox04XtmoTR1XVkjKoJsC3V0CKf_c-D2oXsvVtqzsf91lRJimtJNSHUXIatSnmnHzzdg3B6uBUHZ2qg1N1cjrtfH3_vreN_wbhH8JCni4
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_life11101056
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2021_e07803
crossref_primary_10_2174_18741045_v17_e230217_2022_14
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm11144038
crossref_primary_10_3390_ph14070691
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00204_023_03529_w
crossref_primary_10_3390_v13112306
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_3c00219
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_61127_x
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_024_17747_z
crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_16234
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_euroneuro_2023_02_006
crossref_primary_10_1080_13543784_2023_2242773
crossref_primary_10_3390_ph15050621
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jmedchem_4c00597
crossref_primary_10_1002_chem_202103258
crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_27951
crossref_primary_10_34883_PI_2021_12_4_011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bsheal_2022_05_002
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40199_022_00441_z
crossref_primary_10_2147_AABC_S304649
Cites_doi 10.3390/v8080206
10.1093/rheumatology/kel402
10.1128/AAC.03036-14
10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.08.006
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004502
10.1080/07391102.2020.1753577
10.1073/pnas.0306446101
10.1038/s41565-020-0752-z
10.3390/v6093683
10.1080/22221751.2020.1815589
10.1177/0269881116628440
10.1126/scitranslmed.3005471
10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
10.1128/jvi.01218-20
10.1038/s41586-020-2577-1
10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3
10.1136/hrt.69.5.451
10.22037/aaem.v8i1.590
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia.
Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia. 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia.
– notice: Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia. 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3389/fphar.2020.609592
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef

PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology
DocumentTitleAlternate Xiong et al
EISSN 1663-9812
EndPage 609592
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_99c6bb154816476bab9f54ea1e62d03a
10_3389_fphar_2020_609592
33613282
Genre Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 81993149041 81702006
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
9T4
AAFWJ
AAKDD
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACXDI
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AENEX
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BCNDV
DIK
EMOBN
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HYE
IAO
IEA
IHR
IHW
IPNFZ
KQ8
M48
M~E
NPM
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PGMZT
RIG
RNS
RPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-e4da56b6c1064c2ac12b1353bcd5572b98f11cc06265960c2618d1550db03d33
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1663-9812
IngestDate Tue Oct 22 15:12:27 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:18:06 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 24 23:28:32 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 19:08:21 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:30:20 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords SARS-CoV-2
pseudovirus assay
drug screening
drug combination
vesicular stomatitis virus
Language English
License Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Cao, Shen, Ma, Qiao, Shi, Ge, Ye, Zhang, Yuan, Zhang and Xia.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c465t-e4da56b6c1064c2ac12b1353bcd5572b98f11cc06265960c2618d1550db03d33
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Reviewed by: Xuping Xie, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, United States
This article was submitted to Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Edited by: Rafael Maldonado, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain
Silvia Spoto, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Italy
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892437/
PMID 33613282
PQID 2492279387
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 1
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_99c6bb154816476bab9f54ea1e62d03a
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7892437
proquest_miscellaneous_2492279387
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2020_609592
pubmed_primary_33613282
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-02-05
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-02-05
PublicationDate_xml – month: 02
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-02-05
  day: 05
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
PublicationTitle Frontiers in pharmacology
PublicationTitleAlternate Front Pharmacol
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Xiong (B19) 2020; 9
Riva (B14) 2020; 586
Baldwin (B1) 2016; 30
Rismanbaf (B13) 2020; 8
Burkard (B2) 2014; 10
Lammers (B11) 2020; 15
Wrensch (B18) 2014; 6
Simmons (B15) 2004; 101
Khan (B10) 2020; 2020
Hoffmann (B7) 2020; 181
Zhou (B20) 2020; 6
Cubero (B4) 1993; 69
Frie (B6) 2020
Johansen (B9) 2013; 5
Weston (B16) 2020; 94
Dyall (B5) 2014; 58
Nelson (B12) 2016; 8
Costedoat-Chalumeau (B3) 2007; 46
Horby (B8) 2020
Whitt (B17) 2010; 169
References_xml – volume: 8
  start-page: 206
  year: 2016
  ident: B12
  article-title: Clomiphene and its isomers block Ebola virus particle entry and infection with similar potency: potential therapeutic implications
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v8080206
  contributor:
    fullname: Nelson
– volume-title: Low-cost dexamethasone reduces death by up to one third in hospitalised patients with severe respiratory complications of COVID-19
  year: 2020
  ident: B8
  contributor:
    fullname: Horby
– volume: 46
  start-page: 808
  year: 2007
  ident: B3
  article-title: Heart conduction disorders related to antimalarials toxicity: an analysis of electrocardiograms in 85 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine for connective tissue diseases
  publication-title: Rheumatology
  doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel402
  contributor:
    fullname: Costedoat-Chalumeau
– volume: 58
  start-page: 4885
  year: 2014
  ident: B5
  article-title: Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
  publication-title: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
  doi: 10.1128/AAC.03036-14
  contributor:
    fullname: Dyall
– volume: 169
  start-page: 365
  year: 2010
  ident: B17
  article-title: Generation of VSV pseudotypes using recombinant ΔG-VSV for studies on virus entry, identification of entry inhibitors, and immune responses to vaccines
  publication-title: J. Virol. Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.08.006
  contributor:
    fullname: Whitt
– volume: 10
  start-page: e1004502
  year: 2014
  ident: B2
  article-title: Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004502
  contributor:
    fullname: Burkard
– volume: 2020
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: B10
  article-title: Targeting SARS-CoV-2: a systematic drug repurposing approach to identify promising inhibitors against 3C-like proteinase and 2′-O-ribose methyltransferase
  publication-title: J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.
  doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1753577
  contributor:
    fullname: Khan
– volume: 101
  start-page: 4240
  year: 2004
  ident: B15
  article-title: Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein-mediated viral entry
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0306446101
  contributor:
    fullname: Simmons
– year: 2020
  ident: B6
  article-title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: current evidence for their effectiveness in treating COVID-19
  publication-title: Cen. Evi.-Based Med.
  contributor:
    fullname: Frie
– volume: 15
  start-page: 622
  year: 2020
  ident: B11
  article-title: Dexamethasone nanomedicines for COVID-19
  publication-title: Nat. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0752-z
  contributor:
    fullname: Lammers
– volume: 6
  start-page: 3683
  year: 2014
  ident: B18
  article-title: IFITM proteins inhibit entry driven by the MERS-coronavirus spike protein: evidence for cholesterol-independent mechanisms
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v6093683
  contributor:
    fullname: Wrensch
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2105
  year: 2020
  ident: B19
  article-title: Robust neutralization assay based on SARS-CoV-2 S-protein-bearing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus and ACE2-overexpressing BHK21 cells
  publication-title: Emerg. Microb. Infect.
  doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1815589
  contributor:
    fullname: Xiong
– volume: 30
  start-page: 242
  year: 2016
  ident: B1
  article-title: The safety and tolerability of vortioxetine: analysis of data from randomized placebo-controlled trials and open-label extension studies
  publication-title: J. Psychopharmacol.
  doi: 10.1177/0269881116628440
  contributor:
    fullname: Baldwin
– volume: 5
  start-page: 190ra79
  year: 2013
  ident: B9
  article-title: FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit Ebola virus infection
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005471
  contributor:
    fullname: Johansen
– volume: 181
  start-page: 271
  year: 2020
  ident: B7
  article-title: SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
  contributor:
    fullname: Hoffmann
– volume: 94
  start-page: e01218
  year: 2020
  ident: B16
  article-title: Broad anti-coronavirus activity of food and drug administration-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and SARS-CoV in vivo
  publication-title: J. Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/jvi.01218-20
  contributor:
    fullname: Weston
– volume: 586
  start-page: 113
  year: 2020
  ident: B14
  article-title: Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs through large-scale compound repurposing
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2577-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Riva
– volume: 6
  start-page: 14
  year: 2020
  ident: B20
  article-title: Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2
  publication-title: Cell Discov
  doi: 10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– volume: 69
  start-page: 451
  year: 1993
  ident: B4
  article-title: Restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by chloroquine
  publication-title: Br Heart J.
  doi: 10.1136/hrt.69.5.451
  contributor:
    fullname: Cubero
– volume: 8
  start-page: e17
  year: 2020
  ident: B13
  article-title: Liver and kidney injuries in COVID-19 and their effects on drug therapy; a letter to editor
  publication-title: Arch Acad Emerg Med
  doi: 10.22037/aaem.v8i1.590
  contributor:
    fullname: Rismanbaf
SSID ssj0000399364
Score 2.405162
Snippet To identify drugs that are potentially used for the treatment of COVID-19, the potency of 1403 FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using a robust pseudovirus...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 609592
SubjectTerms drug combination
drug screening
Pharmacology
pseudovirus assay
SARS-CoV-2
vesicular stomatitis virus
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrZ3LaxsxEIdFyamX0ne3LxQIOZSokbXS7uroJjFpaUuo3ZKb0GvjhbIO9trg_74zKyexSyGXXrUvMbOrmZ80-4mQA10rEXJbs7oKkkkpItPcVyzaijsIgF71nO5v34vzn_LLpbrc2uoLa8ISHjgZ7lhrXziHiTWSrwpnHdxeRjuIhQg8T6kR11tiqh-DMe4WMi1jggrTx_X11CL_U_CPyFjTYicQ9bz-fyWZf9dKbgWf0WPyaJM10mHq7RPyILZPyeFFwk6vj-jk7i-qxRE9pBd3QOr1M_J1HFc49URHp0M2RIj4KgZ6Ol9eLWiiF8OQ93tNP7fTxjUdHQ9_jNnJ7BcT0JRqtVratHTVdPPZczIZnU1OztlmFwXmZaE6FmWwqnCFB_EnvbB-IBxuduF8UKoUTlf1YOA9B2WjQM54kFRVQOESHM9Dnr8ge-2sja8IlZDqcLw-xkpGRHvl4BkeZOlqa4PKyIcbi5rrxMowoDHQ_KY3v0Hzm2T-jHxCm9-eiJjrvgGcbzbON_c5PyP7Nx4z8FngWodt42y5MAhCFDD2VGVGXiYP3j4qzyGHAamZkXLHtzt92T3SNtMevV1WGgmOr_9H59-QhwILZLAEXL0le918Gd9BhtO59_3L_AdcyvkX
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access(OpenAccess)
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjZ3Lb9QwEIetqly4IN6kFGQk1AOqS-LYeRwQWlpWBQGq2C3qzfIr3UhV0mazK_a_ZybJtizaA9e8HI3tmfnFk8-EvM0LyV2sC1ZkTjAhuGd5aDPmdRYaCIBWdpzu7z-S03Px9UJe7JD19laDAedbpR3uJ3XeXB39vll9hAn_ARUnxNv3xfVMI9qTh0eIT8vBI9_jyOXCSr4h2-8cMwbjDigVQZxlOcS2fp1z-1M2IlUH9N-Whf5bTPlXdBo_JA-GtJKO-nHwiOz46jE5OOu51KtDOr37zWp-SA_o2R2xevWEfJv4JX6bouOTERshZXzpHT1pFpdz2uONwSdereiXalaasqWT0c8JO65_MQ6H-mKuipYVXZZtUz8l0_Hn6fEpG7ZZYFYksmVeOC0Tk1hQh8JybSNucDcMY52UKTd5VkSRtSFIHwl6x4LmyhwqG2fC2MXxM7Jb1ZV_QaiAXCjE-73PhEf2V2xMFDqRmkJrJwPybm1Rdd3DNBSIEDS_6syv0PyqN39APqHNby9EDnZ3oG4u1TCtVJ7bBJoA2YVctMRoA4NPeB35hLsw1gF5s-4xBfMGF0N05evFXCEpkYNzytKAPO978LapOIYkB7RoQNKNvt14l80zVTnr2NxpliPice8_2n1J7nMskMEScLlPdttm4V9BhtOa1924_QOCZfhN
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Several FDA-Approved Drugs Effectively Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection in vitro
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33613282
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2492279387
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7892437
https://doaj.org/article/99c6bb154816476bab9f54ea1e62d03a
Volume 11
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV07b9swECaSTF2Kvus-AhYoMhSRLVGkRI2uUyMt6sKo3SKbwJdiAYlk2LIB__veUVYSF526aKBEkOB34t1HHj8S8jErBLOxKoJCWh5wzlyQhUYGTslQgwM0wut0T34kl7_4tytxdUREdxbGJ-0bXfarm9t-VS58buXy1gy6PLHBdDJKZYY6eoNjcgwG-oCi--kXXW7C2x1MIGDZoFguFEp_srCP8moZ3mATx-DHmGQH7sir9v8r1Pw7Y_KBCxo_IY_3sSMdtn18So5c9YycTVvx6d05nd-fpVqf0zM6vZel3j0n32duiwtQdHwxDIYoJb51ll6sNtdr2moYw8R3s6Nfq0Wpy4bOhj9nwaj-HTAoajO2KlpWdFs2q_oFmY-_zEeXwf4uhcDwRDSB41aJRCcGKCA3TJmIabzyQhsrRMp0JosoMiYEfiOA1BggVtIifbE6jG0cvyQnVV2514RyCHhCrO-c5A4FvmKto9DyVBdKWdEjn7oRzZetYkYOTAORyD0SOSKRt0j0yGcc87sPUezaF9Sr63wPeZ5lJoEmgFuh-FmilQYL405FLmE2jFWPfOgQy-HnwB0PVbl6s85RDpHBDCTTHnnVInjXVGcBPZIeYHvQl8M3YI9egHtvf2_-u-Zb8ohhbgxmf4t35KRZbdx7CG4afeoXBeA54fLUG_YfakT7Sw
link.rule.ids 230,315,730,783,787,867,888,2109,24332,27938,27939,53806,53808
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bb9MwFD4a4wFeuDPC1UhoD2hJE8fO5bF0VB20U0XLtDfLt6wRW1K1aaXy67GTZlsnXuDVjmUn59jnfPHnzwCf0oxiFfLMzRJFXEKwdlNfJq7miS9MAJS01ukenUaDn-TbOT3fA9qehalJ-1LkXnF55RX5rOZWzq9kp-WJdcajXpykVkevcw_um_nqR7dAer0A26AbkWYP00CwtJPNZ9yKf2LfswJrqb3DJgxNJMMJ3glItW7_35LNu5zJW0Go_xjO2uE33JNf3qoSnvx9R9nxn9_vCTzapqWo21Q_hT1dPIPDcaNrvTlC05tjWssjdIjGN4rXm-cwnOi1_beF-sddt2tVytdaoePF6mKJGnlks6ZebtBJMctFXqFJ98fE7ZVnLjZFDRmsQHmB1nm1KF_AtP912hu422saXEkiWrmaKE4jEUmDLonEXAZY2Ns0hFSUxlikSRYEUvoGOlGDl6TBbImyyEgJP1Rh-BL2i7LQrwARk0v5tr3WCdFWOywUIvAViUXGuaIOfG5NxeaNGAczIMaamNUmZtbErDGxA1-sMa8ftDradUG5uGDbr83SVEamCwPbrK5aJLgwzks0D3SElR9yBz62rsDMvLObKbzQ5WrJrNIiNotbEjtw0LjGdVetazkQ7zjNzlh2a4wr1NreW9O__u-WH-DBYDoasuHJ6fc38BBbCo4lmdO3sF8tVvqdyaEq8b6eMX8Avvcbiw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bb9MwFLZgSIgX7pdwNRLaA5pzcezEeSwt1QbbVNGCJl4s37JGbEnVppXKr8dOmq2deNprYstxzrHP-eIv3wHgU5ZTrGORo5xpggjBBmWhYsgIFkobABVtdLpPTpPDn-TbGT3bKvXVkPaVLPzy4tIvi2nDrZxdqqDjiQWjk37KMqejF8x0HtwF9-yaDdkWUG82YRd4E9KeY1oYlgX5bCqcACgOfSeylrk6NnFsoxlmeCcoNdr9_0s4b_ImtwLR8BH43U2h5Z_88Ze19NXfG-qOt5rjY_Bwk57CXtvkCbhjyqdgf9TqW68P4OT6d63FAdyHo2vl6_UzcDw2K_eNCw4HPdRzauUro-FgvjxfwFYm2e6tF2t4VE4LWdRw3PsxRv3qF8L2UksKK2FRwlVRz6vnYDL8Oukfok25BqRIQmtkiBY0kYmyKJMoLFSEpauqIZWmNMUyY3kUKRVaCEUtblIWuzHtEJKWYazj-AXYK6vSvAKQ2JwqdP2NYcQ4DbFYyijUJJW5EJp64HNnLj5rRTm4BTPOzLwxM3dm5q2ZPfDFGfSqodPTbi5U83O-eeM8y1Rih7DwzemrJVJI68TEiMgkWIex8MDHzh24XX_uUEWUplouuFNcxHaTY6kHXrbucTVU514eSHccZ-dZdu9Yd2g0vjfmf33rnh_A_dFgyI-PTr-_AQ-wY-I4rjl9C_bq-dK8s6lULd83i-YfowIeCw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Several+FDA-Approved+Drugs+Effectively+Inhibit+SARS-CoV-2+Infection+in+vitro&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+pharmacology&rft.au=Xiong%2C+Hua-Long&rft.au=Cao%2C+Jia-Li&rft.au=Shen%2C+Chen-Guang&rft.au=Ma%2C+Jian&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft.issn=1663-9812&rft.eissn=1663-9812&rft.volume=11&rft.spage=609592&rft.epage=609592&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffphar.2020.609592&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1663-9812&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1663-9812&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1663-9812&client=summon